Local level | National | International | |
---|---|---|---|
Category 1: Market regulation | Competition including legislation, consideration of externalities in pricing, fiscal measures e.g. tax, market structure, trade regulation | Trade policy | |
Category 2: Institutions | Central bank, banks, micro-finance, mortgages, startups. Legislation and regulation of organisations | International organisations e.g. IMF, World Bank, multinational firms, World Trade Organisation | |
Category 3: Supply of money, finance and loans | Local currencies, debt | Interest rates, inflation, deflation, wages, supply of money or credit, macroeconomic policy, fiscal policy, financial crises, monetary policy, structural adjustment policies, natural resources | International lending, foreign aid, Financial transactions tax, capital controls |
Category 4: Balance between public, private and third sector | Land tenure, informal economies, shadow economies, social enterprises and cooperatives | Structure and scope of government, privatisation and nationalisation, taxation, tax avoidance, government expenditure and welfare provision, property rights | |
Category 5: Labour | Firm governance, structure, ownership, behavior, | Trade unions, employment, unemployment, minimum wage, labour force size and structure | |
Category 6: Production and consumption | Income, wealth, distribution | Industrialisation, economic growth and aggregate productivity | |
Category 7: Approaches to economy | Regional economics | E.g. Capitalist, socialist, transitional, Keynesian, Marxian, Neoclassical, ecological economics |