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Table 4 Changes in within-group scores of knowledge, attitudes and practices toward whole grains (n = 63)

From: GReat-Child Trial™ based on social cognitive theory improved knowledge, attitudes and practices toward whole grains among Malaysian overweight and obese children

 

Comparison

Intervention group

Control group

Mean (95% CI)

p-value

Mean (95% CI)

p-value

Knowledge score

T1-T0

6.8 (6.5,7.1)

< 0.001***

0.1 (−0.3,0.5)

0.508

T2-T0

6.8 (6.5,7.2)

< 0.001***

0.4 (−0.2,1.0)

0.222

T2-T1

0.1 (− 0.2,0.3)

0.587

0.3 (− 0.2,0.7)

0.277

Attitudes score

T1-T0

12.5 (11.4,13.5)

< 0.001***

−0.7 (−2.0,0.6)

0.286

T2-T0

9.2 (8.1,10.2)

< 0.001***

−0.4 (−1.5,0.6)

0.407

T2-T1

−3.3 (−4.4,-2.2)

< 0.001***

0.3 (−0.4,0.9)

0.412

Practice score

T1-T0

10.6 (8.9,12.2)

< 0.001***

0.5 (−1.0,2.0)

0.505

T2-T0

8.0 (5.3,10.7)

< 0.001***

0.3 (−1.2,1.8)

0.664

T2-T1

−2.6 (−4.6,-0.5)

0.016*

−0.2 (−0.5,0.2)

0.259

  1. T0 - Baseline; T1 – post-intervention (thirteenth week); T2 – follow-up (ninth month); ***Statistically significant at p-value < 0.001; *Statistically significant at p-value < 0.05; Repeated measures ANCOVA within group analysis was applied followed by pairwise comparison with confidence interval adjustment; Household income dan baseline variables were controlled by using repeated measures
  2. ANCOVA