Table 1 Study Hypotheses

 a) For youth aged 6–12:

• Increased physical literacy

• Increased physical activity [28]

• Increased rates of continued participation in sport or physical activity [33]

 b) For youth aged 12–18:

• Increased positive health behaviors relating to physical activity, sleep, nutrition, smoking, substance use and sexual activity [29, 34]

• Increased life skills including critical thinking, resilience, self-esteem, self-regulation, social competence and grit [26]

• Increase academic outcomes including school attendance, academic performance and high school graduation rates [26, 34]

• Increased rates of continued participation in sport or physical activity [34]

 c) For youth aged 19–29:

• Increased rates of placement in employment, apprenticeship, or continued training [26, 29]

• Increased personal income

• Increased rates of continued participation in sport or physical activity [34, 35]