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Table 5 Crude associations between environmental characteristics and activity participation by gender

From: Neighborhood green spaces, facilities and population density as predictors of activity participation among 8-year-olds: a cross-sectional GIS study based on the Norwegian mother and child cohort study

  Boys (n = 10,932) Crude OR (95% CI) Girls (n = 10,214) Crude OR (95% CI)
≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (summer) ≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (winter) Organized activities ≥2 days/week Friends and peers ≥2 days/week ≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (summer) ≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (winter) Organized activities ≥2 days/week Friends and peers ≥2 days/week
Total green space 800 m
 ≤13% (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 13.1–29.9% 1.08 (0.96–1.21) 1.16 (1.04–1.30)** 1.01 (0.89–1.14) 0.84 (0.72–0.97)* 1.01 (0.91–1.13) 1.14 (1.02–1.27)* 1.03 (0.91–1.16) 0.89 (0.76–1.04)
 30.0–49.9% 1.11 (0.99–1.25) 1.12 (1.01–1.25)* 0.91 (0.81–1.02) 0.90 (0.78–1.05) 1.05 (0.94–1.17) 1.15 (1.03–1.28)* 0.96 (0.85–1.09) 0.95 (0.81–1.12)
 ≥50.0% 1.07 (0.95–1.20) 1.18 (1.06–1.32)** 0.84 (0.75–0.94)** 0.71 (0.61–0.81)** 1.08 (0.96–1.21) 1.21 (1.08–1.35)** 0.87 (0.77–0.98)* 0.77 (0.67–0.89)**
 P for trend 0.288 0.015 0.082 < 0.001 0.297 0.045 0.117 0.001
Park within 800 m
 No (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 Yes 1.07 (0.96–1.19) 1.04 (0.94–1.15) 1.14 (1.02–1.28)* 1.06 (0.92–1.22) 1.10 (0.99–1.22) 1.06 (0.95–1.17) 1.11 (0.98–1.25) 1.04 (0.90–1.21)
Park within 5000 m
 No (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 Yes 1.00 (0.92–1.09) 1.08 (0.99–1.16) 1.27 (1.17–1.38)** 1.41 (1.28–1.57)** 0.97 (0.89–1.05) 1.01 (0.93–1.09) 1.10 (1.01–1.21)* 1.42 (1.27–1.59)**
Facilities/amenities 800 m
 0 (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 0.98 (0.88–1.09) 1.07 (0.97–1.18) 1.20 (1.08–1.34)** 1.28 (1.11–1.46)** 0.90 (0.81–1.00) 0.93 (0.84–1.04) 1.19 (1.06–1.34)** 1.33 (1.14–1.54)**
 2–3 1.01 (0.91–1.13) 1.05 (0.94–1.16) 1.24 (1.11–1.39)** 1.37 (1.19–1.58)** 0.96 (0.86–1.06) 0.95 (0.86–1.06) 1.14 (1.01–1.28)* 1.38 (1.18–1.60)**
 ≥4 0.97 (0.85–1.10) 1.07 (0.95–1.21) 1.21 (1.06–1.37)** 1.13 (0.97–1.33) 0.93 (0.82–1.05) 0.93 (0.82–1.05) 1.29 (1.12–1.48)** 1.12 (0.95–1.32)
 P for trend 0.912 0.041 0.005 0.976 0.254 0.503 0.001 0.441
Facilities/amenities 5000 m
 ≤5 (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 6–14 1.04 (0.93–1.17) 1.08 (0.97–1.20) 1.14 (1.02–1.28)* 1.36 (1.18–1.57)** 1.10 (0.99–1.23) 1.02 (0.91–1.14) 0.94 (0.83–1.06) 1.33 (1.15–1.55)**
 15–29 1.08 (0.97–1.22) 1.11 (1.00–1.24) 1.27 (1.13–1.42)** 1.68 (1.45–1.95)** 0.95 (0.85–1.07) 0.95 (0.85–1.06) 1.04 (0.92–1.18) 1.31 (1.12–1.52)**
 ≥30 1.03 (0.92–1.15) 1.16 (1.04–1.28)** 1.45 (1.30–1.62)** 1.31 (1.14–1.49)** 0.95 (0.86–1.06) 0.99 (0.89–1.10) 1.23 (1.09–1.38)** 1.33 (1.15–1.54)**
 P for trend 0.288 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.107 0.232 0.589 < 0.001 0.815
Playgrounds/sports fields 800 m
 ≤1 (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 2–5 0.86 (0.75–0.99)* 0.90 (0.79–1.02) 1.25 (1.09–1.44)** 2.81 (2.38–3.32)** 0.88 (0.77–1.01) 0.86 (0.75–0.99)* 1.06 (0.92–1.23) 2.49 (2.09–2.97)**
 6–10 0.98 (0.85–1.13) 1.00 (0.88–1.15) 1.29 (1.12–1.48)** 2.75 (2.32–3.26)** 0.95 (0.83–1.09) 0.94 (0.82–1.08) 1.18 (1.01–1.37)* 2.64 (2.20–3.17)**
 ≥11 0.97 (0.87–1.10) 1.01 (0.90–1.12) 1.54 (1.37–1.72)** 2.66 (2.35–3.02)** 0.84 (0.75–0.94)** 0.85 (0.76–0.95)** 1.30 (1.15–1.47)** 2.49 (2.17–2.85)**
 P for trend 0.529 0.052 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Playgrounds/sports fields 5000 m
 ≤35 (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 36–119 1.08 (0.96–1.21) 1.08 (0.97–1.20) 1.00 (0.89–1.12) 1.56 (1.35–1.79)** 0.93 (0.83–1.04) 0.90 (0.81–1.01) 0.95 (0.84–1.07) 1.81 (1.56–2.11)**
 120–419 1.05 (0.94–1.18) 1.02 (0.91–1.13) 1.24 (1.11–1.40)** 1.86 (1.61–2.14)** 0.91 (0.81–1.01) 0.88 (0.79–0.99)* 1.12 (0.99–1.27) 1.52 (1.31–1.76)**
 ≥420 1.04 (0.93–1.16) 1.12 (1.01–1.24)* 1.46 (1.30–1.64)** 1.42 (1.24–1.62)** 0.90 (0.81–1.00) 0.94 (0.84–1.05) 1.24 (1.10–1.41)** 1.62 (1.40–1.88)**
 P for trend 0.603 0.262 < 0.001 0.006 0.059 0.311 < 0.001 < 0.001
School within 800 m
 No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 Yes 0.96 (0.88–1.05) 1.06 (0.98–1.15) 1.23 (1.12–1.35)** 1.14 (1.02–1.28)* 0.92 (0.84–1.00) 0.95 (0.87–1.04) 1.15 (1.04–1.27)** 1.18 (1.05–1.34)**
School within 5000 m
 No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 Yes 1.00 (0.91–1.11) 1.09 (0.99–1.19) 1.33 (1.21–1.47)** 1.37 (1.23–1.54)** 0.90 (0.82–0.99)* 0.88 (0.80–0.97)* 1.21 (1.09–1.34)** 1.67 (1.48–1.89)**
Population density 800 m
 ≤200 (ref.) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 201–799 1.03 (0.92–1.16) 1.05 (0.94–1.17) 1.16 (1.03–1.30)** 2.15 (1.86–2.48)** 0.92 (0.82–1.03) 0.88 (0.79–0.98)* 1.03 (0.92–1.17) 2.21 (1.89–2.59)**
 800–1649 1.05 (0.94–1.17) 1.06 (0.95–1.18) 1.35 (1.20–1.51)** 2.27 (1.97–2.62)** 0.89 (0.80–0.99)* 0.94 (0.84–1.05) 1.25 (1.10–1.41)** 1.87 (1.61–2.17)**
 ≥1650 1.06 (0.94–1.18) 1.15 (1.03–1.28)** 1.46 (1.30–1.64)** 1.48 (1.30–1.69)** 0.87 (0.78–0.97)** 0.94 (0.84–1.05) 1.23 (1.09–1.39)** 1.64 (1.42–1.90)**
 P for trend 0.064 0.003 <0.001 0.381 0.273 0.942 0.101 0.065
  1. Note: OR, odds ratio; PA, physical activity. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01
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