Table 3 Factors associated with suicidal ideation among school going adolescents aged 13–17 years in Bhutan, 2016 (N = 5030)

 Age group

13–15 years

(11.4)

1

1

1

16–17 years

(11.8)

1.0 (1.0–1.1)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

1.0 (0.9–1.3)

 Sex

Male

(9.7)

1

1

1

Female

(13.1)

1.3(1.3–1.4)**

1.4(1.2–1.7)**

1.7 (1.4–2.2)**

 Type of student

Day scholar

(11.4)

1

1

1

Boarding

(11.8)

1.0(1.0–1.1)

0.8(0.7–0.9)**

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

 Location

Rural

(11.1)

1

1

1

Urban

(12.2)

1.1(1.1–1.2)**

1.1(0.9–1.2)

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

 Underweight

No

(11.6)

1

1

1

Yes

(6.2)

0.5(0.4–0.7)**

0.4(0.1–1.2)

0.6 (0.3–1.5)

 Overweight

No

(11.6)

1

1

1

Yes

(10.8)

0.9(0.9–1.0)

1.0(0.8–1.2)

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

 Food insecurity

Never/rare

(10.0)

1

1

1

Sometimes

(14.2)

1.4(1.3–1.5)**

1.2(1.0–1.3)*

1.2 (1.0–1.5)*

Always

(25.5)

2.6(2.3–2.8)**

1.3(1.0–1.6)*

1.6 (1.0–2.5)

 Physical Attack

No

(9.5)

1

1

1

Yes

(14.9)

1.6(1.5–1.6)**

1.2(1.0–1.3)*

1.2 (1.0–1.5)*

 Physical Fight

No

(9.2)

1

1

1

Yes

(15.2)

1.7(1.6–1.7)**

1.0(0.9–1.2)

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

 Sexual Violence

No

(10.5)

1

1

1

Yes

(24.4)

2.3(2.9–2.5)**

1.5(1.2–1.7)**

1.7 (1.3–2.3)**

 Bullying

No

(9.5)

1

1

1

Yes

(16.3)

1.7(1.6–1.8)**

1.3(1.1–1.5)**

1.3 (1.0–1.6)*

 Close friend

None

(16.1)

1

1

1

1

(11.9)

0.7(0.7–0.8)**

1.0(0.8–1.3)

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

2

(13.0)

0.8(0.7–0.9)**

1.2(1.0–1.5)

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

3 or more

(10.2)

0.6(0.6–0.7)**

0.7(0.6–0.8)*

0.8 (0.7–0.9)*

 Helpful friend

No

(13.2)

1

1

1

Yes

(9.4)

0.7(0.7–0.8)**

0.8(0.7–1.0)*

0.8(0.7–1.0)*

 Parent engagement

High

(9.1)

1

1

1

Medium

(13.9)

1.5(1.5–1.6)**

1.2(1.1–1.4)*

1.2 (0.9–1.7)

Low

(14.8)

1.6(1.5–1.8)**

1.3(1.1–1.5)*

1.4 (1.1–1.7)**

 Loneliness

No

(9.3)

1

1

1

Yes

(25.2)

2.7(2.6–2.8)**

1.8(1.6–2.2)**

2.1 (1.7–2.7)**

 Sleepless Night

No

(10.3)

1

1

1

Yes

(27.0)

2.6(2.5–2.8)**

1.4(1.1–1.7)*

1.8 (1.4–2.5)**

 Urge to use drugs/alcohol

Never/rare

(9.1)

1

1

1

Sometimes

(21.0)

2.3(2.1–2.4)**

1.5(1.3–1.7)**

1.8 (1.4–2.3)**

Always

(31.0)

3.4(3.1–3.7)**

1.4(1.1–1.8)*

2.1 (1.4–3.2)**

 Smoking

No

(9.7)

1

1

1

Yes

(17.2)

1.8(1.7–1.9)**

1.3(1.0–1.8)

1.4 (0.8–2.2)

 Other Tobacco use

No

(9.6)

1

1

1

Yes

(16.7)

1.7(1.6–1.8)**

0.8(0.6–1.2)

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

 Drugs Abuse

No

(10.7)

1

1

1

Yes

(22.2)

2.1(1.9–2.2)

1.5(1.3–1.9)**

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

 Parental smoking

No

(11.0)

1

1

1

Yes

(13.0)

1.2(1.1–1.3)**

1.2(1.1–1.4)*

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

 Parental drinking

No

(11.3)

1

1

1

Yes

(12.0)

1.0(1.0–1.1)

1.0(0.8–1.1)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)