Table 3 Multiple linear regressiona exploring associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic/lifestyle characteristics
Characteristics | Dietary patterns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Processed meat/ westernized | Fish/traditional | Fruit/vegetables | Reindeer/traditional | Bread and sandwich spreads | Sweets and bakery goods | |
β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
Age (years) | ||||||
40–49 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
50–59 | −0.88*** (−0.99, −0.77) | 0.56*** (0.44, 0.67) | 0.26*** (0.14, 0.38) | −0.06 (− 0.16, 0.04) | 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.12) | 0.18*** (0.08, 0.29) |
60–69 | −1.34*** (−1.46, −1.22) | 0.92*** (0.80, 1.05) | 0.30*** (0.18, 0.43) | − 0.17** (− 0.28, − 0.07) | 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.11) | 0.45*** (0.34, 0.56) |
P for linear trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | NS | < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||||
Men | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Women | 0.07 (−0.01, 0.16) | −0.47*** (− 0.56, − 0.38) | 1.36*** (1.27, 1.45) | −0.09* (− 0.17, − 0.01) | −0.53*** (− 0.60, − 0.46) | 0.14*** (0.06, 0.23) |
Ethnic/geographic group | ||||||
Inland and coastal non-Sami | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Inland Sami | −0.44*** (− 0.56, − 0.32) | −0.53*** (− 0.65, − 0.41) | −0.15* (− 0.28, − 0.03) | 2.08*** (1.98, 2.19) | 0.14** (0.05, 0.24) | 0.07 (− 0.04, 0.18) |
Inland multiethnic Sami | −0.30* (− 0.55, − 0.05) | −0.32* (− 0.58, − 0.06) | 0.06 (− 0.21, 0.33) | 1.42*** (1.19, 1.64) | 0.15 (− 0.06, 0.36) | −0.13 (− 0.36, 0.10) |
Coastal Sami | − 0.19* (− 0.33, − 0.04) | −0.03 (− 0.18, 0.12) | 0.39*** (0.23, 0.54) | 0.71*** (0.57, 0.84) | 0.11 (− 0.01, 0.23) | −0.27*** (− 0.41, − 0.14) |
Coastal multiethnic Sami | −0.02 (− 0.15, 0.11) | 0.17* (0.04, 0.31) | 0.05 (− 0.09, 0.18) | 0.30*** (0.18, 0.42) | 0.09 (− 0.02, 0.20) | −0.25*** (− 0.37, − 0.13) |
Education level (years) | ||||||
0–9 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
10–12 | 0.33*** (0.21, 0.45) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.15) | 0.14* (0.01, 0.27) | −0.29*** (− 0.40, − 0.18) | −0.10* (− 0.20, − 0.004) | −0.31*** (− 0.42, − 0.20) |
13–16 | 0.35*** (0.23, 0.48) | 0.09 (− 0.04, 0.22) | 0.38*** (0.25, 0.52) | −0.25*** (− 0.36, − 0.13) | −0.29*** (− 0.39, − 0.18) | −0.41*** (− 0.53, − 0.30) |
≥ 17 | 0.32*** (0.18, 0.47) | 0.25*** (0.10, 0.40) | 0.62*** (0.46, 0.77) | −0.19** (− 0.32, − 0.06) | −0.45*** (− 0.57, − 0.33) | −0.47*** (− 0.61, − 0.34) |
P for linear trend | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Gross annual household income (NOK) | ||||||
Low (≤450,000) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Average (451000–750,000) | 0.16** (0.05, 0.27) | 0.047 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.22) | − 0.17** (− 0.27, − 0.07) | 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.10) | −0.19*** (− 0.30, − 0.09) |
High (> 750,000) | 0.36*** (0.24, 0.49) | 0.10 (− 0.03, 0.23) | 0.19** (0.06, 0.32) | −0.35*** (− 0.46, − 0.24) | −0.14** (− 0.24, − 0.04) | −0.31*** (− 0.43, − 0.19) |
P for linear trend | < 0.001 | NS | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.009 | < 0.001 |
Household size | ||||||
1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
2 | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.23) | 0.13* (0.0001, 0.26) | −0.07 (− 0.21, 0.06) | 0.0008 (− 0.11, 0.12) | −0.04 (− 0.14, 0.07) | 0.19** (0.07, 0.30) |
3–4 | 0.24** (0.10, 0.38) | −0.17* (− 0.32, − 0.03) | −0.15 (− 0.30, 0.004) | 0.16* (0.04, 0.29) | 0.04 (− 0.08, 0.16) | 0.32*** (0.18, 0.45) |
5–8 | 0.17 (− 0.02, 0.36) | −0.38*** (− 0.57, − 0.18) | −0.17 (− 0.38, 0.03) | 0.35*** (0.18, 0.52) | 0.04 (− 0.12, 0.20) | 0.54*** (0.36, 0.71) |
P for linear trend | 0.03 | < 0.001 | NS | < 0.001 | NS | < 0.001 |
Physical activity level | ||||||
Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Medium | −0.12* (−0.23, − 0.01) | 0.07 (− 0.04, 0.18) | 0.29*** (0.18, 0.40) | − 0.12* (− 0.21, − 0.02) | −0.06 (− 0.15, 0.03) | 0.02 (− 0.08, 0.12) |
High | −0.37*** (− 0.51, − 0.23) | 0.10 (− 0.04, 0.25) | 0.70*** (0.55, 0.85) | −0.07 (− 0.20, 0.05) | −0.16** (− 0.28, − 0.04) | −0.09 (− 0.22, 0.04) |
P for linear trend | < 0.001 | NS | < 0.001 | NS | 0.007 | NS |
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Former | 0.12** (0.03, 0.21) | 0.24*** (0.15, 0.34) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | −0.05 (− 0.13, 0.04) | −0.04 (− 0.12, 0.03) | −0.29*** (− 0.38, − 0.21) |
Current | 0.22*** (0.11, 0.34) | 0.34*** (0.22, 0.46) | − 0.55*** (− 0.68, − 0.43) | 0.23*** (0.13, 0.34) | 0.23*** (0.13, 0.33) | −0.38*** (− 0.49, − 0.27) |
BMI category | ||||||
Underweight/normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Overweight | 0.19*** (0.09, 0.29) | 0.15** (0.05, 0.26) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | −0.01 (− 0.10, 0.08) | −0.05 (− 0.14, 0.03) | −0.16** (− 0.25, − 0.06) |
Obesity | 0.20*** (0.09, 0.31) | 0.16** (0.04, 0.28) | 0.23*** (0.11, 0.35) | 0.11* (0.004, 0.21) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.14) | −0.36*** (− 0.46, − 0.25) |
P for linear trend | 0.001 | 0.007 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | NS | < 0.001 |
R-sq | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.26 |