Utilization of key preventive measures for pregnancy complications and malaria among women in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Ouedraogo, Mariame; Kurji, Jaameeta; Abebe, Lakew; Labonté, Ronald; Morankar, Sudhakar; Bedru, Kunuz Haji; Bulcha, Gebeyehu; Abera, Muluemebet; Potter, Beth K.; Roy-Gagnon, Marie-Hélène; Kulkarni, Manisha A.

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7727-8

Table 1 Characteristics of the women who participated in the cross-sectional survey conducted in three districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, from October 2016 to January 2017 ^a

From: Utilization of key preventive measures for pregnancy complications and malaria among women in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

	Total (N = 3784)	Gomma (N = 1402)		Kersa (N = 1110)		Seka Chekorsa (N = 1272)
	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Maternal age (years)
15–18	7.5	95	6.8	80	7.2	110	8.6
19–24	25.5	345	24.6	264	23.8	356	27.9
25–34	50.5	736	52.5	559	50.4	615	48.3
35–49	16.5	226	16.1	207	18.6	191	15.0
Ethnic group
Oromo	93.7	1262	90.0	1065	95.9	1220	95.9
Amhara	1.9	58	4.1	4	0.4	11	0.9
Other	4.3	82	5.8	41	3.7	41	3.2
Education level
No education	55.5	661	47.2	754	67.9	686	53.9
Primary^b	31.0	470	33.5	273	24.6	430	33.8
Secondary^c	12.7	259	18.5	77	6.9	146	11.5
Higher	0.7	12	0.9	6	0.5	10	0.8
Marital Status
Married	97.7	1348	96.2	1098	98.9	1252	98.5
Not married	2.3	54	3.8	12	1.1	19	1.5
Employment status
Not Employed^d	78.2	1132	80.7	845	76.1	981	77.1
Self-employed^e	19.2	211	15.1	255	22.9	260	20.4
Employed	2.6	59	4.2	10	0.9	31	2.4
Wealth
Poorest	20.0	89	6.3	399	35.9	270	21.2
Poorer	21.3	252	17.9	227	20.4	326	25.6
Middle	18.6	222	15.8	213	19.2	269	21.1
Wealthier	20.1	309	22.0	186	16.7	265	20.8
Wealthiest	20.0	530	37.8	85	7.66	142	11.2
Frequency of reading newspaper/ magazine
Not at all	92.8	1268	90.4	1065	95.9	1180	92.7
At least once a week	5.8	114	8.1	35	3.1	73	5.7
More than once a week	1.3	20	1.4	10	0.9	19	1.5
Frequency of listening to the radio
Not at all	45.6	622	44.4	534	48.1	569	44.7
At least once a week	26.5	422	30.1	272	24.5	309	24.3
More than once a week	27.9	358	25.5	304	27.4	394	30.9
Frequency of watching the TV
Not at all	88.8	1070	76.3	1066	96.0	1226	96.4
At least once a week	5.2	150	10.7	26	2.3	22	1.7
More than once a week	5.9	182	12.9	18	1.6	24	1.9
Frequency of contact with HEW
Not at all	66.4	856	61.0	856	77.1	802	63.0
Less than once a month	23.0	348	24.8	200	18.0	323	25.4
One or more times a month	10.5	198	14.1	54	4.8	147	11.5
Decision Making about healthcare
Self	12.2	170	12.1	120	10.8	171	13.4
Jointly	59.2	883	62.9	628	56.6	728	57.2
Husband	27.9	336	23.9	355	31.9	366	28.7
Family member	0.7	13	0.9	7	0.6	7	0.2
Household size
≤ 4	34.0	504	35.9	329	29.6	454	36.7
5–8	56.2	794	56.6	629	56.7	702	55.2
≥ 9	9.8	104	7.4	152	13.7	116	9.1
Number of children per household
≤ 3	56.2	848	60.5	553	49.8	725	57.0
4–6	38.7	506	36.1	465	41.9	493	38.7
≥ 7	5.1	48	3.4	92	8.3	54	4.25
Reproductive history
Gravidity (mean ± SD)^f	3.70 (±2.34)	3.51 (±2.25)		4.15 (±2.47)		3.52 (±2.27)
Live birth
1	1.6	32	2.3	7	0.6	21	1.6
> 1	98.4	1370	97.7	1103	99.4	1251	98.3
Induced abortion
0	94.1	1295	92.4	1058	95.3	1210	95.1
≥ 1	5.9	107	7.6	52	4.7	62	4.9
Miscarriage
0	97.4	1347	96.1	1088	98.0	1250	98.3
≥ 1	2.6	55	3.9	22	2.0	22	1.7
Stillbirth
0	95.5	1314	93.7	1066	96.0	1234	97.0
≥ 1	4.5	88	6.3	44	3.9	38	2.9
Malaria
Malaria infection during pregnancy
Yes	1.4	28	2.0	9	0.8	18	1.4
No	98.5	1374	98.0	1101	99.2	1254	98.6
Bed net ownership
Yes	47.6	874	62.3	484	43.6	444	34.9
No	52.4	528	37.6	626	56.4	828	65.1
Bed net use
Never	53.3	547	39.0	635	57.2	833	65.6
Sometimes	8.5	153	10.9	83	7.5	85	6.7
Often	11.8	182	13.0	147	13.2	119	9.4
Always	26.4	520	37.1	245	22.1	232	18.3

Notes: ^a Numbers are rounded and may not add up to exactly 100%; ^bconsiders women who completed all or some primary school years; ^c considers women who completed all or some secondary school years; ^d the unemployed category contains women who were unemployed, housewives or students; ^{e c} the self-employed category contains women who are farmers and/or traders; ^f Defined as the number of times a woman has been pregnant

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