Mental health disorders and alcohol use are associated with increased likelihood of smoking relapse among people living with HIV attending routine clinical care

Table 1 The Characteristics of HIV+ -Smoking Quitters receiving care at the UAB 1917 HIV/AIDS clinic between April 2008–April 2017 according to Relapse status

	Overall N(473) ^a N(%)	Relapse (Yes = 240) ^a n(%)	Relapse (No = 233) ^a n(%)
Socio-demographic
Age (years), mean (SD)	46.7 (11.2)	46.4 (11.1)	47.1 (11.4)
Gender/sexual orientation
Women	75 (16.2)	38 (16.1)	37 (16.3)
Male heterosexual	79 (17.1)	35 (14.8)	44 (19.4)
MSM	309 (66.7)	163 (69.1)	146 (64.3)
Race/ethnicity
White	231 (49.3)	120 (50.2)	111 (48.3)
African American	238 (50.7)	119 (49.8)	119 (51.7)
Clinical/medical
Length in care (years) mean (SD)	8.8 (4.74)	9.14 (4.62)	8.54 (4.85)
Adherent to ART	66 (15.6)	34 (16.4)	32 (14.7)
Health Insurance
Private	152 (32.1)	78 (36.2)	74 (31.8)
Public	126 (26.6)	64 (26.7)	62 (26.6)
Uninsured	195 (41.2)	98 (40.8)	97 (41.6)
Comorbidities^b
Cardiovascular	70 (14.8)	30 (12.5)	40 (17.2)
Respiratory	101 (21.4)	59 (24.6)	42 (18.0)
Metabolic	71 (15.0)	32 (13.3)	39(16.7)
Cancer	34 (7.2)	21 (8.80)	13 (5.60)
Laboratory parameter^c
Plasma HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/ml	386 (81.6)	190 (79.2)	196 (84.1)
CD4 count (cells/μL)
< 200	49 (10.4)	20 (8.40)	29 (12.4)
≥ 200	423 (89.6)	219 (91.6)	204 (87.6)
Behavioral and psychological^e
Depressive symptoms	97 (20.9)	58 (24.6)	39 (17.0)
Anxiety symptoms	130 (28.2)	80 (34.2)	50 (22.0)
Substance abuse^d
Never	65 (13.7)	33 (13.7)	32 (13.7)
Prior	177 (37.4)	91 (37.9)	86 (36.9)
Current	49 (10.4)	28 (11.7)	21 (9.01)
Unknown	182 (38.5)	88 (36.7)	94 (40.3)
Alcohol abuse
No risk	150 (34.6)	74 (33.6)	136 (65.1)
Low risk	232 (53.6)	111 (50.5)	121 (56.8)
At risk	51 (11.8)	35 (15.9)	16 (7.5)

Abbreviations: ART antiretroviral therapy, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, MSM men who have sex with men, SD standard deviation, UAB University of Alabama at Birmingham Missing data: Race, 0.8%; Gender/sexual orientation, 2.1%; Adherence, 10.4%; CD4 count, 0.2%; Depression (PHQ-9), 1.7%; Anxiety (PHQ-A), 2.5%; Alcohol abuse, 8.5%;
^aColumn percentages; ^bComorbidities: respiratory (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bacterial pneumonia); metabolic (diabetes and dyslipidemia); cardiovascular (stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, hypertension); ^cLab value closest to index visit; ^dSubstance abuse includes street opioids, prescription opioids, marijuana, crack/cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, inhalants, hallucinogens; ^eAt baseline quit value
Plasma HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/ml, Depressive symptoms, Anxiety symptoms, Alcohol abuse were significant at p value < 0.05 level

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