Table 1 Participant socio-demographic characteristics, general health and psychological measures by country of birth and whether received help for emotional problems
Iraq (n = 803) % (n; SE) | Afghanistan (n = 485) % (n; SE) | p value | Total (n = 1288) a % (n; SE) | Did not receive help (n = 790) % (n; SE) | Received help (n = 478) % (n; SE) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||
Mean age | 37.8 (803; 0.55) | 33.2 (485; 0.58) | < 0.001 | 36.1 (1288; 0.41) | 34.1 (790; 0.51) | 39.6 (478; 0.67) | < 0.001 |
Gender | |||||||
Female | 48.6 (390) | 44.4 (218) | 0.154 | 47.0 (608) | 45.5 (357) | 49.3 (240) | 0.191 |
Male | 51.4 (413) | 55.6 (267) | 53.0 (680) | 54.5 (433) | 50.7 (238) | ||
Education | |||||||
Never attended school | 5.4 (44) | 36.2 (182) | < 0.001 | 16.8 (226) | 14.8 (122) | 19.6 (97) | 0.004 |
9 or less years school | 42.3 (335) | 47.9 (226) | 44.3 (561) | 42.5 (331) | 47.9 (223) | ||
10 or more years schooling | 31.7 (251) | 13.1 (59) | 24.8 (310) | 27.3 (207) | 20.5 (98) | ||
Post-school education | 20.6 (168) | 2.8 (14) | 14.1 (182) | 15.5 (125) | 12.0 (56) | ||
Location | < 0.001 | 0.328 | |||||
Major city | 99.8 (800) | 86.6 (403) | 94.9 (1203) | 95.3 (741) | 94.2 (443) | ||
Regional Australia | 0.2 (3) | 13.5 (82) | 5.1 (85) | 4.7 (49) | 5.8 (35) | ||
Time in Australia | 0.004 | 0.044 | |||||
Less than 6 months | 83.8 (676) | 77.2 (376) | 81.4 (1052) | 80.0 (629) | 84.7 (410) | ||
6 months or more | 16.2 (127) | 22.8 (109) | 18.6 (236) | 20.0 (161) | 15.3 (68) | ||
Importance of religion^ | 0.018 | 0.027 | |||||
Very important | 74.2 (595) | 72.3 (350) | 73.5 (945) | 71.1 (557) | 78.0 (375) | ||
Important | 22.2 (173) | 20.4 (97) | 21.5 (270) | 23.9 (187) | 17.3 (79) | ||
Not very important/ no religion | 3.7 (31) | 7.3 (32) | 5.0 (63) | 5.0 (40) | 4.8 (21) | ||
Frequency difficulty travelling to required locations | 0.267 | 0.003 | |||||
Always/ most of the time | 43.8 (339) | 45.3 (219) | 44.4 (558) | 42.3 (325) | 46.9 (219) | ||
Some of the time | 30.7 (243) | 33.2 (162) | 31.6 (405) | 30.3 (239) | 34.6 (163) | ||
Never | 25.5 (189) | 21.5 (101) | 24.0 (290) | 27.4 (207) | 18.5 (80) | ||
General health and psychological measures | |||||||
Self-rated health | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Excellent/ very good | 22.2165) | 49.3 (230) | 32.2 (395) | 38.2 (291) | 22.5 (101) | ||
Good/fair | 56.7 (455) | 41.7 (207) | 52.1 (662) | 51.6 (411) | 49.2 (236) | ||
Poor/ very poor | 21.2 (183) | 9.0 (48) | 16.7 (231) | 10.2 (88) | 28.3 (141) | ||
Disability | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Has disability | 32.2 (271) | 20.5 (105) | 27.9 (381) | 18.5 (157) | 43.8 (216) | ||
No disability | 67.9 (520) | 79.5 (373) | 72.2 (893) | 81.5 (626) | 56.2 (255) | ||
Number of potentially traumatic events | < 0.001 | 0.004 | |||||
No response | 10.0 (74) | 24.2 (112) | 15.3 (186) | 16.3 (124) | 12.3 (55) | ||
1 event | 23.3 (180) | 35.9 (171) | 28.0 (351) | 30.1 (232) | 24.4 (113) | ||
2–3 events | 33.1 (271) | 23.2 (115) | 29.5 (386) | 29.0 (232) | 30.5 (149) | ||
4 or more events | 33.6 (278) | 16.6 (87) | 27.3 (365) | 24.6 (202) | 32.9 (161) | ||
Probable PTSD | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Unlikely PTSD | 54.5 (414) | 77.7 (358) | 62.9 (772) | 70.6 (540) | 49.6 (221) | ||
Likely PTSD | 45.6 (368) | 22.3 (104) | 37.1 (472) | 29.4 (225) | 50.4 (239) | ||
Psychological distress (K6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
K6 mean score | 14.2 (776; 0.22) | 11.8 (475; 0.26) | 13.3 (1251; 0.17) | 12.0 (767; 0.31) | 15.5 (464; 0.20) | ||