Table 2 Factors associated with neonatal mortality based on conceptual framework analysis (distal, intermediate, and proximal factors). Foz do Iguassu PR, 2012–2016
Variable | OR | CI 95% | p-value | Adjusted OR | CI 95% | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distal Level | ||||||
Maternal age | ||||||
Less than 19 years | 1.49 | 0.99–2.32 | 0.053 | 1.04 | 0.45–2.41 | 0.921 |
From 20 to 34 years | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Over 35 years | 1.23 | 0.79–1.93 | 0.349 | 0.95 | 0.43–2.11 | 0.905 |
Education (years of study) | ||||||
Less than 7 years | 1.03 | 0.70–1.54 | 0.846 | 1.12 | 0.53–2.34 | 0.766 |
From 8 to 11 years | 1.12 | 0.49–2.53 | 0.779 | 0.85 | 0.17–4.11 | 0.8 |
Over 12 years | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Marital status | ||||||
With partner | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Without partner | 1.19 | 0.88–1.63 | 0.249 | 0.70 | 0.40–1.24 | 0.226 |
Race | ||||||
White | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Black | 1.16 | 0.48–3.10 | 0.519 | 0.91 | 0.16–5.20 | 0.912 |
Brown | 0.90 | 0.66–1.23 | 0.681 | 0.90 | 0.50–1.64 | 0.742 |
Parity | ||||||
Primiparous | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Multiparous | 1.20 | 0.76–1.88 | 0.424 | 1.44 | 0.76–2.70 | 0.261 |
Intermediate level | ||||||
Onset of prenatal care | ||||||
First trimester | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
After first trimester | 0.91 | 0.58–2.84 | 1.44 | 1.33 | 0.63–2.84 | 0.448 |
Prenatal care appointments | ||||||
0 to 3 appointment | 6.76* | 3.89–11.73 | < 0.001 | 3.34* | 1.28–8.73 | 0.014 |
4 to 6 appointments | 2.63* | 1.78–3.88 | < 0.001 | 1.17 | 0.60–2.27 | 0.640 |
7 or more appointments | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Induction of delivery | ||||||
No | 3.84* | 2.32–6.36 | < 0.001 | 0.64 | 0.30–1.38 | 0.264 |
Yes | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Type of delivery | ||||||
Vaginal | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Caesarean section | 0.77 | 0.49–1.23 | 0.289 | 1.83 | 0.88–3.80 | 0.106 |
Proximal level | ||||||
Gestational age | ||||||
Preterm | 3.45* | 1.86–6.39 | < 0.001 | 3.64* | 1.87–7.11 | < 0.001 |
Term | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Post-term | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 1.08 | 0.65–1.82 | 0.745 | 0.87 | 0.50–1.52 | 0.630 |
Male | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Birth weight | ||||||
Low | 18.34* | 9.73–34.55 | < 0.001 | 17.15* | 8.55–34.37 | < 0.001 |
Adequate | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Overweight | 0.93 | 0.21–4.06 | 0.928 | 0.98 | 0.22–4.44 | 0.994 |
Fetal congenital anomaly | ||||||
Yes | 22.66* | 8.78–58.47 | < 0.001 | 22.49* | 7.44–67.95 | < 0.001 |
No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
First minute Apgar score | ||||||
High | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Low | 14.51* | 8.06–26.10 | < 0.001 | 15.63* | 8.23–29.67 | < 0.001 |