Table 4 Univariate analysis of risk factors for type of TB among the screened HHC of children with active TB (n = 223)
Characteristics | TB | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n (%) | No n (%) | ||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 14 (13.5) | 90 (86.5) | 0.726 | 0.348–1.513 | 0.393 |
Female | 21 (17.6) | 98 (82.4) | 1.378 | 0.661–2.871 | |
Age (years) | |||||
≤ 2 | 21 (23.6) | 68 (76.4) | 2.647 | 1.264–5.541 | 0.010 |
3–5 | 9 (16.7) | 45 (83.3) | 1.100 | 0.480–2.519 | 0.822 |
6–10 | 4 (7.5) | 49 (92.5) | 0.366 | 0.123–1.090 | 0.071 |
11–14 | 1 (3.7) | 26 (96.3) | 0.183 | 0.024–1.397 | 0.102 |
Residence | |||||
Rural | 11 (12.9) | 74 (87.1) | 0.706 | 0.327–1.527 | 0.376 |
Urban | 24 (17.4) | 114 (82.6) | 1.416 | 0.655–3.036 | |
Weight (percentiles) | |||||
Underweighta | 32 (16.3) | 164 (83.7) | 1.561 | 0.443–5.495 | 0.488 |
Normal weight | 3 (11.1) | 24 (88.9) | 0.641 | 0.182–2.255 | |
BCG scar | |||||
Present | 27 (14.3) | 162 (85.7) | 0.542 | 0.222–1.320 | 0.177 |
Absent | 8 (23.5) | 26 (76.5) | 1.846 | 0.757–4.500 | |
Monthly income of family (PKRs) | |||||
< 5000 | 4 (50) | 4 (50) | 5.935 | 1.410–24.982 | 0.015 |
6000–10,000 | 21 (17.8) | 97 (82.2) | 1.407 | 0.675–2.933 | 0.362 |
11,000–20,000 | 8 (9.5) | 76 (90.5) | 0.437 | 0.188–1.012 | 0.053 |
> 20,000 | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 0.975 | 0.207–4.603 | 0.975 |
Education of caregiver | |||||
No formal education | 19 (20.2) | 75 (79.8) | 1.789 | 0.865–3.699 | 0.116 |
Primary | 3 (9.4) | 29 (90.6) | 0.514 | 0.148–1.790 | 0.296 |
Secondary | 8 (19.5) | 33 (80.5) | 1.392 | 0.581–3.335 | 0.459 |
College | 2 (7.7) | 24 (92.3) | 0.414 | 0.093–1.838 | 0.246 |
Graduation | 3 (10) | 27 (90) | 0.559 | 0.160–1.954 | 0.362 |
Type of housing | |||||
Slum house | 3 (8.6) | 32 (91.4) | 0.457 | 0.132–1.584 | 0.217 |
House | 9 (10.2) | 79 (89.8) | 0.478 | 0.212–1.075 | 0.074 |
Apartment | 5 (13.9) | 31 (86.1) | 0.844 | 0.304–2.346 | 0.745 |
Shelter | 18 (28.1) | 46 (71.9) | 3.269 | 1.557–6.862 | 0.002 |
Number of rooms in house | |||||
1–2 | 26 (17.2) | 125 (82.8) | 1.456 | 0.644–3.294 | 0.367 |
3–4 | 9 (12.5) | 63 (87.5) | 0.687 | 0.304–1.554 | |
Overcrowding | |||||
Members per household > 6 | 32 (19.5) | 132 (80.5) | 4.525 | 1.331–15.390 | 0.016 |
Members per household ≤6 | 3 (5.1) | 56 (94.9) | 0.221 | 0.065–0.752 | |
HHC with TB | |||||
Yes | 29 (46) | 34 (54) | 21.892 | 8.432–56.849 | < 0.001 |
No | 6 (3.8) | 154 (96.2) | 0.046 | 0.018–0.119 | |
HHC with smoking | |||||
Yes | 31 (28.4) | 78 (71.6) | 10.929 | 3.716–32.214 | < 0.001 |
No | 4 (3.5) | 110 (96.5) | 0.091 | 0.031–0.270 | |
Time spent with TB HHC (hours) | |||||
8–11 | 5 (7.9) | 58 (92.1) | 0.374 | 0.138–1.011 | 0.053 |
12–17 | 7 (7.6) | 85 (92.4) | 0.303 | 0.126–0.728 | 0.008 |
> 18 | 23 (33.8) | 45 (66.2) | 6.091 | 2.808–13.210 | < 0.001 |
Cooking done in the house | |||||
Inside the kitchen | 28 (15.2) | 156 (84.8) | 0.821 | 0.330–2.041 | 0.671 |
Inside the room | 5 (21.7) | 18 (78.3) | 1.574 | 0.543–4.562 | 0.403 |
Outside the space attached to house | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | 0.753 | 0.163–3.470 | 0.716 |
Kind of fuel used for cooking | |||||
LPG | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 0.975 | 0.207–4.603 | 0.975 |
Natural gas | 24 (16.2) | 124 (83.8) | 1.126 | 0.519–2.444 | 0.764 |
Wood | 8 (23.5) | 26 (76.5) | 1.846 | 0.757–4.500 | 0.177 |
Charcoal | 1 (3.6) | 27 (96.4) | 0.175 | 0.023–1.335 | 0.093 |
Use boiled milk | |||||
Yes | 6 (16.2) | 31 (83.8) | 1.048 | 0.401–2.736 | 0.924 |
No | 6 (31.6) | 13 (68.4) | 2.785 | 0.980–7.912 | 0.055 |
Do not use milk | 23 (13.8) | 144 (86.2) | 0.586 | 0.270–1.272 | 0.176 |
Use boiled water for drinking | |||||
Yes | 3 (4.8) | 59 (95.2) | 0.205 | 0.060–0.696 | 0.011 |
No | 32 (19.9) | 129 (80.1) | 4.879 | 1.436–16.572 | |