Table 3 Gender-specific association of sociodemographic, life style characteristics, and metabolic risk factors with insufficient physical activity among Iranian population

 Gender

Female

1·0

1·0

1·0

–

–

–

–

–

–

Male

0·51 (0·48–0·54), P:< 0·001

0·62 (0·56–0·69), P:< 0·001

0·69 (0·58–0·82), P:< 0·001

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Age

18–24 years

1·0

1·0

–

1·0

1·0

–

1·0

1·0

–

25–34 years

1·15 (1·04–1·26), P:0·006

1·03 (0·92–1·16), P:0·579

1·0

1·31 (1·12–1·53), P:0·001

1·23 (1–1·51), P:0·048

1·0

1·06 (0·93–1·21), P:0·386

0·96 (0·83–1·12), P:0·635

1·0

35–44 years

1·2 (1·09–1·32), P:< 0·001

1·03 (0·91–1·17), P:0·636

0·99 (0·88–1·12), P:0·855

1·77 (1·51–2·07), P:< 0·001

1·58 (1·26–1·99), P:< 0·001

1·09 (0·9–1·33), P:0·37

0·92 (0·8–1·05), P:0·213

0·82 (0·7–0·96), P:0·013

0·92 (0·78–1·07), P:0·27

45–54 years

1·12 (1·01–1·24), P:0·028

0·9 (0·79–1·03), P:0·121

0·78 (0·68–0·89), P:< 0·001

1·78 (1·52–2·09), P:< 0·001

1·49 (1·18–1·89), P:0·001

0·91 (0·73–1·13), P:0·406

0·81 (0·7–0·92), P:0·002

0·67 (0·57–0·79), P:< 0·001

0·7 (0·59–0·84), P:< 0·001

55–64 years

1·13 (1·01–1·25), P:0·026

0·89 (0·77–1·02), P:0·098

0·76 (0·64–0·89), P:0·001

1·58 (1·34–1·86), P:< 0·001

1·2 (0·93–1·53), P:0·154

0·74 (0·57–0·95), P:0·018

0·92 (0·8–1·06), P:0·232

0·76 (0·64–0·91), P:0·002

0·78 (0·63–0·97), P:0·027

 Residence area

Rural

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Urban

1·48 (1·39–1·57), P:< 0·001

1·61 (1·49–1·73), P:< 0·001

1·69 (1·52–1·88), P:< 0·001

1·51 (1·37–1·66), P:< 0·001

1·61 (1·42–1·81), P:< 0·001

1·76 (1·49–2·09), P:< 0·001

1·56 (1·44–1·69), P:< 0·001

1·63 (1·48–1·79), P:< 0·001

1·66 (1·45–1·9), P:< 0·001

 Marital status

Never married

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Married

1·33 (1·24–1·43), P:< 0·001

1·28 (1·16–1·41), P:< 0·001

1·11 (0·94–1·3), P:0·219

1·42 (1·28–1·58), P:< 0·001

1·24 (1·06–1·46), P:0·007

1·25 (0·97–1·63), P:0·088

1·1 (0·99–1·22), P:0·07

1·1 (0·96–1·26), P:0·154

0·95 (0·77–1·19), P:0·673

Divorced or Living alone

1·6 (1·31–1·95), P:< 0·001

1·33 (1·07–1·66), P:0·011

1·37 (0·96–1·96), P:0·079

1·77 (1·15–2·7), P:0·009

1·58 (0·99–2·52), P:0·055

1·61 (0·76–3·42), P:0·212

1·09 (0·86–1·38), P:0·479

1·16 (0·9–1·5), P:0·254

1·25 (0·83–1·89), P:0·283

Widow

1·64 (1·4–1·93), P:< 0·001

1·25 (1·04–1·51), P:0·017

1·09 (0·83–1·45), P:0·529

1·95 (0·95–4·01), P:0·07

1·57 (0·71–3·46), P:0·262

1·14 (0·42–3·1), P:0·792

1·04 (0·87–1·24), P:0·654

1·13 (0·91–1·39), P:0·26

0·95 (0·69–1·3), P:0·743

 Occupation

Nonpaid & self-paid

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Employee

1·42 (1·26–1·59), P:< 0·001

1·25 (1·1–1·43), P:0·001

1·1 (0·91–1·34), P:0·326

1·24 (1·08–1·42), P:0·002

1·21 (1·03–1·41), P:0·017

1·01 (0·8–1·28), P:0·94

1·61 (1·25–2·09), P:< 0·001

1·55 (1·17–2·05), P:0·002

1·46 (0·95–2·24), P:0·086

Worker

1·25 (1·09–1·45), P:0·002

1·08 (0·93–1·26), P:0·324

0·92 (0·72–1·17), P:0·503

1·19 (1–1·41), P:0·045

1·16 (0·96–1·38), P:0·118

1·04 (0·79–1·38), P:0·762

1·13 (0·85–1·5), P:0·401

1·03 (0·76–1·39), P:0·855

0·69 (0·42–1·16), P:0·161

Student

1·17 (1·02–1·33), P:0·022

1·08 (0·92–1·28), P:0·344

0·96 (0·63–1·47), P:0·853

0·72 (0·59–0·86), P:< 0·001

1·11 (0·87–1·43), P:0·396

0·79 (0·4–1·56), P:0·503

1·47 (1·15–1·87), P:0·002

1·27 (0·96–1·68), P:0·094

1·15 (0·6–2·19), P:0·675

Soldier

0·79 (0·48–1·3), P:0·357

0·95 (0·57–1·58), P:0·838

1·03 (0·29–3·66), P:0·969

0·82 (0·5–1·35), P:0·432

1·19 (0·71–2), P:0·514

1·28 (0·35–4·64), P:0·705

–

–

–

Unemployed & retired

1·41 (1·28–1·56), P:< 0·001

1·38 (1·24–1·54), P:< 0·001

1·3 (1·11–1·53), P:0·002

1·32 (1·19–1·48), P:< 0·001

1·4 (1·23–1·58), P:< 0·001

1·39 (1·15–1·67), P:0·001

1·45 (1·14–1·85), P:0·002

1·47 (1·14–1·9), P:0·003

1·16 (0·76–1·77), P:0·497

Housekeeper

2·11 (1·96–2·26), P:< 0·001

1·38 (1·23–1·54), P:< 0·001

1·35 (1·12–1·63), P:0·001

2·67 (1·73–4·11), P:< 0·001

2·57 (1·64–4·05), P:< 0·001

2·55 (1·4–4·65), P:0·002

1·59 (1·33–1·89), P:< 0·001

1·67 (1·39–2·01), P:< 0·001

1·4 (1·05–1·88), P:0·024

 Education

Illiterate

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1–6 years

0·93 (0·84–1·03), P:0·172

0·93 (0·83–1·04), P:0·198

0·91 (0·79–1·06), P:0·226

0·87 (0·71–1·06), P:0·165

0·77 (0·62–0·95), P:0·016

0·74 (0·56–0·99), P:0·044

1·09 (0·97–1·23), P:0·166

0·96 (0·84–1·09), P:0·514

0·96 (0·81–1·13), P:0·599

7–12 years

0·98 (0·89–1·08), P:0·654

1·02 (0·91–1·14), P:0·745

0·97 (0·83–1·14), P:0·717

0·96 (0·8–1·16), P:0·668

0·91 (0·74–1·13), P:0·405

0·86 (0·64–1·15), P:0·308

1·24 (1·1–1·38), P:< 0·001

0·96 (0·84–1·11), P:0·608

0·95 (0·78–1·16), P:0·631

> 12 years

0·88 (0·79–0·97), P:0·013

0·94 (0·82–1·08), P:0·37

1·02 (0·84–1·24), P:0·857

0·84 (0·69–1·02), P:0·08

0·76 (0·6–0·96), P:0·022

0·81 (0·57–1·14), P:0·228

1·16 (1·02–1·32), P:0·022

0·99 (0·84–1·17), P:0·924

1·1 (0·86–1·4), P:0·461

 Wealth index

1st quintile (poorest)

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

2nd quintile

1·19 (1·09–1·31), P:< 0·001

1·03 (0·94–1·14), P:0·511

1·1 (0·96–1·27), P:0·172

1·06 (0·92–1·23), P:0·394

0·92 (0·78–1·08), P:0·282

0·95 (0·75–1·21), P:0·668

1·32 (1·17–1·48), P:< 0·001

1·11 (0·98–1·26), P:0·088

1·22 (1·02–1·45), P:0·031

3rd quintile

1·18 (1·08–1·28), P:< 0·001

0·96 (0·87–1·06), P:0·465

0·95 (0·82–1·09), P:0·453

1·01 (0·88–1·16), P:0·9

0·77 (0·65–0·9), P:0·001

0·71 (0·56–0·9), P:0·004

1·38 (1·23–1·55), P:< 0·001

1·14 (1–1·29), P:0·046

1·12 (0·93–1·35), P:0·247

4th quintile

1·33 (1·22–1·45), P:< 0·001

1·06 (0·96–1·17), P:0·251

1·06 (0·91–1·25), P:0·433

1·17 (1·02–1·33), P:0·023

0·88 (0·75–1·04), P:0·125

0·88 (0·69–1·13), P:0·331

1·58 (1·41–1·77), P:< 0·001

1·22 (1·07–1·39), P:0·003

1·21 (0·99–1·49), P:0·061

5th quintile (richest)

1·13 (1·04–1·22), P:0·006

0·87 (0·79–0·97), P:0·011

0·88 (0·74–1·04), P:0·137

1·09 (0·96–1·24), P:0·179

0·78 (0·67–0·92), P:0·003

0·73 (0·56–0·95), P:0·02

1·24 (1·11–1·39), P:< 0·001

0·96 (0·83–1·1), P:0·526

0·99 (0·79–1·25), P:0·942

 Appropriate fruit and vegetable consumption

No

1·35 (1·24–1·47), P:< 0·001

1·43 (1·26–1·63), P:< 0·001

1·4 (1·23–1·59), P:< 0·001

1·41 (1·24–1·6)), P:< 0·001

1·58 (1·31–1·91), P:< 0·001

1·62 (1·32–1·99), P:< 0·001

1·27 (1·13–1·43), P:< 0·001

1·29 (1·09–1·53), P:0·003

1·28 (1·07–1·52), P:0·006

Yes

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

 High salt intake

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1·22 (1·05–1·42), P:0·011

1·21 (1·04–1·41), P:0·014

1·06 (0·9–1·24), P:0·5

1·2 (0·88–1·65), P:0·242

1·21 (0·88–1·68), P:0·242

1·16 (0·82–1·63), P:0·402

1·02 (0·85–1·21), P:0·854

1·02 (0·85–1·21), P:0·86

1·05 (0·88–1·26), P:0·573

 Smoking

Never smoker

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Ever smoker

0·78 (0·72–0·84), P:< 0·001

0·85 (0·75–0·96), P:0·008

1·24 (1·07–1·43), P:0·004

1·2 (1·09–1·31), P:< 0·001

1·18 (1·03–1·35), P:0·018

1·2 (1·03–1·4), P:0·019

0·92 (0·68–1·25), P:0·602

1·01 (0·65–1·57), P:0·965

1·08 (0·69–1·68), P:0·733

 Alcohol consumption

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

0·62 (0·52–0·75), P:< 0·001

0·65 (0·55–0·76), P:< 0·001

0·78 (0·65–0·93), P:0·005

0·87 (0·71–1·07), P:0·187

0·81 (0·68–0·96), P:0·015

0·87 (0·72–1·04), P:0·135

0·66 (0·38–1·14), P:0·138

0·57 (0·34–0·96), P:0·036

0·48 (0·29–0·8), P:0·005

 Injury

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

0·9 (0·82–1), P:0·041

0·96 (0·83–1·1), P:0·562

0·99 (0·85–1·14), P:0·861

0·94 (0·81–1·08), P:0·359

0·94 (0·77–1·15), P:0·551

1 (0·8–1·25), P:0·999

0·94 (0·82–1·07), P:0·335

0·98 (0·81–1·2), P:0·872

1 (0·82–1·22), P:0·999

 Personal car ownership

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1·09 (1·03–1·15), P:0·002

1·18 (1·09–1·28), P:< 0·001

1·23 (1·11–1·35), P:< 0·001

1·2 (1·11–1·31), P:< 0·001

1·36 (1·2–1·54), P:< 0·001

1·37 (1·17–1·6), P:< 0·001

1·12 (1·04–1·2), P:0·003

1·19 (1·07–1·33), P:0·001

1·14 (1–1·3), P:0·051

 Hypertension

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1·06 (0·99–1·13), P:0·079

0·91 (0·83–1·01), P:0·075

1·03 (0·92–1·14), P:0·648

1·15 (1·04–1·27), P:0·008

1·02 (0·87–1·18), P:0·829

1·09 (0·92–1·29), P:0·319

0·99 (0·9–1·08), P:0·771

0·89 (0·78–1·02), P:0·09

0·97 (0·84–1·12), P:0·686

 Past medical history of cardiovascular disease

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1·51 (1·09–2·09), P:0·013

1·09 (0·79–1·51), P:0·608

1·21 (0·86–1·71), P:0·275

1·93 (1·26–2·95), P:0·002

1·28 (0·86–1·9), P:0·222

1·28 (0·84–1·94), P:0·245

1·32 (0·8–2·18), P:0·283

1·04 (0·59–1·85), P:0·887

1·04 (0·57–1·9), P:0·892

 Diabetes mellitus

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1·23 (1·06–1·42), P:0·005

1·19 (1·02–1·38), P:0·025

1·25 (1·07–1·47), P:0·005

1·17 (0·94–1·46), P:0·152

1·04 (0·83–1·3), P:0·752

1·07 (0·83–1·37), P:0·606

1·26 (1·05–1·53), P:0·015

1·36 (1·11–1·67), P:0·003

1·39 (1·12–1·71), P:0·002

 Dyslipidemia

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1 (0·9–1·1), P:0·926

0·91 (0·82–1), P:0·057

0·94 (0·84–1·04), P:0·236

1·15 (0·99–1·34), P:0·064

1·07 (0·91–1·25), P:0·412

1·06 (0·89–1·26), P:0·504

0·87 (0·77–0·99), P:0·03

0·82 (0·72–0·94), P:0·004

0·86 (0·75–0·99), P:0·039

 Abdominal obesity

No

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Yes

1·42 (1·34–1·5), P:< 0·001

1·39 (1·25–1·54), P:< 0·001

1·1 (0·98–1·24), P:0·106

1·45 (1·31–1·61), P:< 0·001

1·27 (1·06–1·53), P:0·009

1·25 (1·03–1·52), P:0·027

1·01 (0·93–1·08), P:0·864

0·99 (0·85–1·14), P:0·848

1·04 (0·9–1·21), P:0·611

 BMI (body mass index)

Under weight

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

1·0

Normal weight

1·07 (0·93–1·24), P:0·334

0·86 (0·68–1·08), P:0·191

0·91 (0·71–1·17), P:0·469

1·17 (0·95–1·44), P:0·142

0·95 (0·69–1·3), P:0·736

0·99 (0·7–1·39), P:0·946

0·95 (0·77–1·16), P:0·597

0·75 (0·53–1·05), P:0·097

0·84 (0·58–1·21), P:0·339

Over weight

1·09 (1·02–1·16), P:0·008

0·95 (0·85–1·05), P:0·304

0·96 (0·86–1·07), P:0·464

1·16 (1·06–1·28), P:0·001

0·99 (0·86–1·15), P:0·913

0·98 (0·83–1·15), P:0·775

0·98 (0·9–1·08), P:0·717

1·02 (0·88–1·19), P:0·753

0·96 (0·82–1·11), P:0·565

Obesity

1·38 (1·28–1·48), P:< 0·001

1·03 (0·9–1·17), P:0·7

1·06 (0·92–1·22), P:0·44

1·47 (1·31–1·66), P:< 0·001

1·13 (0·91–1·41), P:0·271

1·14 (0·89–1·44), P:0·295

1·08 (0·98–1·19), P:0·106

1·1 (0·93–1·32), P:0·271

1·03 (0·86–1·24), P:0·759