Variable | Boys | Girls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |||
 | Lower | Upper |  | Lower | Upper | |
Ethnicity | ||||||
 Malay | *0.64 | 0.6 | 0.89 | 0.66 | 0.432 | 1.00 |
 Non-Malay | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
Father’s Occupation | ||||||
 Management and clerical | 1.20 | 0.61 | 2.39 | 0.50 | 0.19 | 1.28 |
 Manual workers | 0.95 | 0.51 | 1.77 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 1.42 |
 Not working | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
Mother’s Occupation | ||||||
 Management and clerical | 1.06 | 0.72 | 1.58 | 1.05 | 0.67 | 1.63 |
 Manual workers | 0.98 | 0.64 | 1.49 | 0.91 | 0.56 | 1.47 |
 Not working | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
Father’s Education Level | ||||||
 No formal education | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
 Primary | 1.52 | 0.41 | 5.65 | 1.78 | 0.53 | 5.97 |
 Secondary | 2.14 | 0.62 | 7.43 | 1.32 | 0.43 | 4.20 |
 Tertiary | 2.09 | 0.58 | 7.48 | 1.36 | 0.40 | 4.62 |
Mother’s Education Level | ||||||
 No formal education | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
 Primary | 0.56 | 0.18 | 1.73 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 1.47 |
 Secondary | 0.60 | 0.21 | 1.75 | 0.74 | 0.20 | 2.78 |
 Tertiary | 0.56 | 0.18 | 1.74 | 0.61 | 0.15 | 2.49 |
Marital Status | ||||||
 Married | 1.05 | 0.56 | 1.97 | 1.18 | 0.58 | 2.40 |
 Divorced | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
Academic Performance | ||||||
 Poor/Fair | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
 Good | 1.03 | 0.79 | 1.4 | 0.85 | 0.61 | 1.17 |
Close friends | ||||||
 Fewer than 3 | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
 At least 3 | *0.65 | 0.43 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.64 | 1.43 |