Table 2 Incidence Rate Ratios of Mass Shootings in U.S. Counties, Multilevel Models
From: Income inequality and mass shootings in the United States
MSA: Three or More Injuries | MSA: Four or More Deaths | Mother Jones: Four or More Deaths | USA Today: Four or More Deaths | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adj. IRR (95% CI) | Adj. IRR (95% CI) | Adj. IRR (95% CI) | Adj. IRR (95% CI) | |
Level 1 = County-Level | ||||
Income inequality | 1.56 (1.33, 1.83) | 1.62 (1.34, 1.96) | 1.46 (1.09, 1.97) | 1.32 (1.04, 1.69) |
Poverty rate | 1.28 (0.89, 1.83) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.57) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.38) | 1.29 (0.66, 2.53) |
Unemployment rate | 1.15 (0.88, 1.50) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.48) | 1.17 (0.80, 1.71) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.42) |
Population density | 0.13 (0.00, 1.87) | 0.16 (0.29, 0.93) | 0.14 (0.02, 0.92) | 0.60 (0.00, 48.61) |
Young population | 1.01 (0.77, 1.34) | 0.97 (0.68, 1.37) | 1.19 (0.86, 1.63) | 1.07 (0.81, 1.40) |
Minority population | 4.59 (0.70, 29.95) | 16.31 (3.92, 67.87) | 21.03 (4.84, 91.33) | 3.08 (0.33, 28.09) |
HS graduation rate | 0.66 (0.47, 0.92) | 0.65 (0.42, 1.01) | 0.66 (0.40, 1.08) | 0.65 (0.39, 1.07) |
2010–2015 | 2.98 (1.97, 4.51) | 1.78 (1.07, 2.99) | 1.51 (0.77, 2.96) | 1.35 (0.75, 2.43) |
Level 2 = State-Level | ||||
Right to carry laws | 0.63 (0.19, 2.06) | 6e−30 (6e− 125, 5e+ 65) | 0.18 (0.00, 34.43) | 0.08 (0.00, 24.13) |
Assault rifle ban | 0.88 (0.25, 3.09) | 1.33 (0.45, 3.89) | 1.37 (0.41, 4.49) | 1.72 (0.60, 4.94) |
Wald Chi-Square | 127.77 | 61.65 | 40.98 | 16.01 |
County-Decades (N) | 6273 | 6273 | 6273 | 6273 |