Table 1 Descriptive analysis of study variables (N = 144), 2009–2014, Ecuador
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Percentage change 2009–14 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality rate for children younger than 5 years (per 1000 livebirths) | |||||||
Overall | 15.2 (7.5) | 15.4 (9.8) | 14.8 (9.0) | 13.0 (7.5) | 13.5 (8.3) | 12.9 (7.3) | −15.1 |
For diarrheal diseases | 0.70 (1.88) | 0.64 (2.51) | 0.52 (1.72) | 0.47 (1.39) | 0.31 (1.42) | 0.15 (0.45) | −78.6 |
For malnutrition | 0.26 (0.77) | 0.25 (0.81) | 0.19 (0.57) | 0.19 (0.78) | 0.16 (0.56) | 0.30 (0.79) | 15.4 |
For lower respiratory infections | 2.32 (3.27) | 2.10 (3.16) | 2.00 (3.48) | 1.81 (2.81) | 1.41 (2.30) | 1.46 (2.43) | −37.1 |
For external causes | 0.58 (1.30) | 0.40 (1.24) | 0.47 (1.07) | 0.47 (1.22) | 0.45 (1.09) | 0.41 (1.03) | −29.3 |
Hospital rate for children younger than 5 years (per 1000 livebirths) | |||||||
Overall | 133.7 (92.3) | 152.4 (94.3) | 132.8 (84.5) | 146.9 (95.0) | 146.6 (104.6) | 143.1 (86.8) | 7.0 |
For diarrheal diseases | 57.0 (39.5) | 66.4 (46.3) | 50.0 (37.3) | 54.8 (39.1) | 54.5 (43.8) | 55.9 (37.9) | −1.9 |
For malnutrition | 2.90 (7.07) | 3.01 (4.90) | 2.34 (2.99) | 2.43 (3.60) | 2.13 (4.06) | 2.10 (3.03) | −27.6 |
For lower respiratory infections | 73.8 (56.8) | 82.9 (59.6) | 80.5 (65.0) | 89.6 (67.5) | 90.0 (69.4) | 85.1 (58.9) | 15.3 |
BDH coverage | |||||||
BDH coverage of the county population (%) | 44.5 (13.1) | 42.8 (14.6) | 43.1 (14.9) | 42.2 (14.8) | 35.9 (14.1) | 16.7 (10.6) | −62.5 |
BDH coverage of eligible population (poor households) in the county (%) | 63.9 (10.6) | 61.1 (12.3) | 61.8 (12.2) | 60.7 (12.0) | 51.5 (12.2) | 23.1 (11.1) | −63.8 |
Determinants of child mortality | |||||||
Income per person (monthly, in USD) | 266 (361) | 273 (405) | 350 (911) | 364 (1015) | 379 (1135) | 378 (1001) | 42.1 |
Proportion of households with inadequate sanitation (%) | 65.3 (16.5) | 64.5 (16.6) | 63.7 (16.8) | 63.0 (16.9) | 62.3 (17.1) | 61.6 (17.2) | −5.7 |
Rate of individuals older than 15 years who are illiterate | 9.95 (4.79) | 9.70 (4.70) | 9.47 (4.62) | 9.24 (4.55) | 9.02 (4.48) | 8.80 (4.41) | −11.6 |
Total fertility rate | 2.42 (0.47) | 2.36 (0.46) | 2.30 (0.46) | 2.24 (0.45) | 2.18 (0.46) | 2.13 (0.46) | −12.0 |
Hospital bed rate (per 1000 inhabitants) | 0.78 (0.96) | 0.81 (0.97) | 0.82 (0.98) | 0.74 (0.83) | 0.75 (0.85) | 0.80 (0.90) | 2.6 |
Hospitalization rate (per 1000 inhabitants)a | 57.0 (24.9) | 58.9 (25.2) | 59.7 (23.9) | 61.7 (26.4) | 60.9 (25.1) | 63.3 (23.0) | 11.1 |
Physicians rate (per 10,000 inhabitants) | 8.68 (4.46) | 9.37 (4.79) | 9.93 (5.29) | 11.10 (6.27) | 12.05 (6.52) | 13.25 (8.75) | 52.6 |