Table 2 Demographics and riding behaviors of 305 child passengers and adult operators with respect to injured body regions and injury severity
Characteristic | Head/face injury | Chest/abdomen injury | Extremity injury | Severe injury | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absence (N = 136) | Presence (N = 169) | p value | Absence (N = 259) | Presence (N = 46) | p value | Absence (N = 58) | Presence (N = 247) | p value | ISS < 5 (N = 277) | ISS ≥ 5 (N = 28) | p value | |||||||||
No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | |||||
Child passenger | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
≤ 3 | 19 | (14.0) | 58 | (34.3) | < 0.001 | 70 | (27.0) | 7 | (15.2) | 0.223 | 29 | (50.0) | 48 | (19.4) | < 0.001 | 71 | (25.6) | 6 | (21.4) | 0.034 |
4~6 | 21 | (15.4) | 50 | (29.6) | 58 | (22.4) | 13 | (28.3) | 17 | (29.3) | 54 | (21.9) | 59 | (21.3) | 12 | (42.9) | ||||
≥ 7 | 96 | (70.6) | 61 | (36.1) | 131 | (50.6) | 26 | (56.5) | 12 | (20.7) | 145 | (58.7) | 147 | (53.1) | 10 | (35.7) | ||||
Boy/girl | 76 | (55.9) | 85 | (50.3) | 0.331 | 133 | (51.4) | 28 | (60.9) | 0.233 | 29 | (50.0) | 132 | (53.4) | 0.637 | 146 | (52.7) | 15 | (53.6) | 0.931 |
Helmet type | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unhelmeted | 34 | (25.6) | 94 | (57.0) | < 0.001 | 108 | (42.5) | 20 | (45.5) | 0.839 | 32 | (55.2) | 96 | (40.0) | 0.111 | 109 | (40.2) | 19 | (70.4) | 0.008 |
Half-coverage | 87 | (65.4) | 64 | (38.8) | 129 | (50.8) | 22 | (50.0) | 23 | (39.6) | 128 | (53.3) | 143 | (52.8) | 8 | (29.6) | ||||
Full-coverage | 12 | (9.0) | 7 | (4.2) | 17 | (6.7) | 2 | (4.5) | 3 | (5.2) | 16 | (6.7) | 19 | (7.0) | 0 | (0.0) | ||||
Being seated in front of the operator | 44 | (32.6) | 111 | (65.7) | < 0.001 | 129 | (50.0) | 26 | (56.5) | 0.415 | 44 | (75.9) | 111 | (45.1) | < 0.001 | 136 | (49.3) | 19 | (67.9) | 0.061 |
Having multiple passengers | 52 | (38.5) | 73 | (43.2) | 0.410 | 107 | (41.5) | 18 | (39.1) | 0.766 | 24 | (41.4) | 101 | (41.1) | 0.964 | 111 | (40.2) | 14 | (50.0) | 0.316 |
Riding speed (mean ± SD, km/h) | 27.9 | ±13.5 | 30.3 | ±13.5 | 0.146 | 29.0 | ±13.0 | 30.4 | ±16.7 | 0.566 | 26.8 | ±11.6 | 29.8 | ±13.9 | 0.161 | 28.5 | ±13.3 | 36.5 | ±14.1 | 0.007 |
Adult operator | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
≤ 35 | 41 | (36.0) | 61 | (42.6) | 0.023 | 84 | (38.5) | 18 | (46.2) | 0.302 | 24 | (51.1) | 78 | (37.1) | 0.090 | 93 | (39.7) | 9 | (39.1) | 0.873 |
36~50 | 55 | (48.2) | 46 | (32.2) | 90 | (41.3) | 11 | (28.2) | 12 | (25.5) | 89 | (42.4) | 91 | (38.9) | 10 | (43.5) | ||||
≥ 51 | 18 | (17.8) | 36 | (25.2) | 44 | (20.2) | 10 | (25.6) | 11 | (23.4) | 43 | (20.5) | 50 | (21.4) | 4 | (17.4) | ||||
Male/female | 39 | (28.7) | 52 | (30.8) | 0.691 | 72 | (27.8) | 19 | (41.3) | 0.065 | 14 | (24.1) | 77 | (31.2) | 0.292 | 83 | (30.0) | 8 | (28.6) | 0.878 |
Educational level | ||||||||||||||||||||
Elementary or below | 16 | (16.0) | 26 | (19.4) | 0.011 | 36 | (17.8) | 6 | (18.7) | 0.985 | 5 | (11.4) | 37 | (19.5) | 0.182 | 38 | (18.1) | 4 | (16.7) | 0.395 |
High school | 48 | (48.0) | 83 | (61.9) | 113 | (55.9) | 18 | (56.3) | 30 | (68.2) | 101 | (53.1) | 120 | (57.1) | 11 | (45.8) | ||||
College and above | 36 | (36.0) | 25 | (18.7) | 53 | (26.2) | 8 | (25.0) | 9 | (20.4) | 52 | (27.4) | 52 | (24.8) | 9 | (37.5) | ||||