Table 1 Indicators and measuring instruments for the different types of outcomes for health promotion [14, 23]
Types of outcomes | Indicators to be measured | Measuring instrument |
|---|---|---|
Health and social outcomes | Depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, perceived health status, perceived academic achievement | Validated questionnaires: Satisfaction with Life Scale (LIFE), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS). |
Intermediate outcomes | Attitudes, lifestyles and risk behaviours School environment and school ethos School health services | Questionnaires to students and schools, school observation, documentary review, interviews |
Health promotion outcomes | Health skills and knowledge, and self-efficacy School health policies Networking with parents, the local community and other schools to launch health programmes | Questionnaires to students and schools, curriculum review, documentary review, individual or focus group interviews, participant observation |
Health promotion actions | School timetable for health education activities (formal and extra-curricular) PTA and community involvement | Documentary review |