Table 4 Relationship between area-level SES and type of urbanization with weekday outdoor time

  (Intercept)

0.11

0.06–0.21

< 0.001

0.18

0.11–0.31

< 0.001

 School SES: low (ref: high)

0.92

0.59–1.44

0.717

1.11

0.78–1.60

0.555

 Site: Vancouver (ref: Ottawa)

1.43

0.83–2.43

0.194

1.38

0.87–2.18

0.175

 Site: Trois-Rivières

1.26

0.69–2.30

0.460

0.94

0.56–1.60

0.821

 Type of urbanization: suburban (ref: urban)

2.10

1.24–3.56

0.006

1.01

0.67–1.54

0.957

 Type of urbanization: rural

2.04

1.17–3.58

0.013

1.07

0.66–1.74

0.775

 Parental education: high school or less (ref: University)

1.11

0.62–1.99

0.728

1.51

0.85–2.69

0.164

 Parental education: college

1.74

1.13–2.67

0.011

1.19

0.77–1.84

0.423

 Age in years (centered)

0.86

0.71–1.04

0.127

0.91

0.76–1.10

0.330

 Car ownership: ≥ 2 cars (ref: ≤ 1 car)

1.02

0.70–1.50

0.917

0.90

0.61–1.32

0.582

 Home ownership: yes (ref: no)

0.79

0.52–1.21

0.287

1.17

0.75–1.82

0.488

 τ_{00, School_ID}

 N_{School_ID}

 ICC_{School_ID}

 Observations

 Tjur’s D

 AIC

 -2 Log-Likelihood

 Deviance