Table 2 The effect of neighbourhood social reciprocity on mental health; three-level multilevel longitudinal correlation regression analysis of neighbourhood social reciprocity, individual characteristics and CES-D score (n = 24,620 in 450 neighbourhoods)
Variable | Model 1 | |
|---|---|---|
Beta | (SE) | |
Fixed effects | ||
 High social reciprocity (ref: low social reciprocity) | −0.175** | (0.084) |
 Neighbourhood social reciprocity | −0.598** | (0.288) |
 Male (ref: female) | −1.481*** | (0.099) |
 Age | −0.049*** | (0.007) |
Educational attainment (ref: primary school or less) | ||
 High school | −0.750*** | (0.111) |
 College or more | −0.969*** | (0.324) |
Marital status (ref: single, divorced or widowed) | ||
 Married and living with spouse | −0.326 | (0.228) |
 Married and living apart from spouse | −1.046*** | (0.112) |
 Household size | −0.065*** | (0.018) |
 Logarithm of household income per capita | −0.035*** | (0.011) |
 Urban neighbourhood (ref: rural neighbourhood) | −1.666*** | (0.170) |
 Cigarette use (ref: no) | 0.372*** | (0.091) |
 Alcohol use (ref: no) | −0.127 | (0.088) |
 Physical health status (ref: no problems) | 1.278*** | (0.084) |
 Functional ability (ref: not limited) | 2.787*** | (0.080) |
 Medical insurance (ref: no) | 0.518*** | (0.093) |
 Constant | 12.062*** | (0.525) |
Random effects | ||
 Var (Neighbourhoods) | 2.394** |  |
 Var (Individuals) | 13.851** |  |
 Var (Within individuals) | 17.833** |  |
 Number of years | 3 |  |
 Akaike information criterion (AIC) | 154,503.300 |  |