Determinants of health literacy in the general population: results of the Catalan health survey

BMC Public Health

Table 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict the probability of inadequate/problematic level of health literacy

Variable	Multivariate^a,b
Variable	OR	CI 95%	P
Education ^c			< 0.001
Primary or non-regulated education	2.08	1.32–3.28	0.002
Secondary education	1.13	0.77–1.64	0.54
College/University/Post-graduate^d	1	–	–
Socioeconomic status ^{e, f}			0.002
High (groups I and II) ^d	1	–	–
Middle (groups III and IVa)	1.39	0.88–2.18	0.16
Low (groups IVb and V)	2.11	1.42–3.15	< 0.001
NA (Household head has never worked)	2.01	0.82–4.91	0.13
Physical activity
Healthy ^d	1	–	–
Non-healthy	1.40	1.06–1.85	0.017
Preventive activities
Yes	1.36	1.03–1.80	0.029
No ^d	1	–	–
Self-perceived chronic disorder
Yes	1.31	1.01–1.70	0.046
No ^d	1	–	–
Physical limitation to perform everyday activities ^g			0.001
Yes, severely limited	2.50	1.34–4.66	0.004
Yes, limited but not severely	1.72	1.17–2.53	0.006
Not limited ^d	1	–	–

NA Not applicable
^a Hosmer-Lemeshow test: p = 0.52
^b Probability of inadequate or problematic level of literacy = Exp(β) / (1 + Exp(β)), on β = −3.159 + 0.733 (in case of primary studies or without studies) + 0.119 (in case of secondary studies) + 0.326 (in case of middle socioeconomic status) + 0.748 (in case of low socioeconomic status) + 0.698 (in case of not applicable socioeconomic status (Household head has never worked)) + 0.339 (in case of unhealthy physical activity) + 0.311 (in case of performing preventive activities) + 0.266 (in case of self-perceived chronic disorder) + 0.914 (in case of severely limited to perform daily activities) + 0.542 (in case of limited to perform daily activities but not severely)
^c p value corresponds to the differences between the three groups (Primary or no studies; Secondary; or University)
^d Reference category
^e Socioeconomic status was determined based on occupation the household head classified according to the Spanish adaptation of the British Registrar General’s classification [25, 26]
^f p value corresponds to the differences between the four groups (High (groups I and II); Middle (groups III and IVa); Low (groups IVb and V); NA (Household head never worked))
^g p value corresponds to the differences between the three groups (Yes, severely limited; Yes, limited but not severely; or Not limited)

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