Table 3 Factors associated with minimum meal frequency in India, 2015–16 National Family and Health Survey
Characteristics | North | South | East | West | Central | North Eastern |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | |
Type of Caste or tribe | ||||||
Scheduled Caste | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Scheduled tribe | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) | 0.86 (0.61, 1.21) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | 1.36 (1.19, 1.55) * | 1.57 (1.20, 2.05) * | |
Other backward class | 1.10 (0.96, 1.27) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.04) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) * | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 1.15 (0.85, 1.55) | |
Others | 1.19 (1.02, 1.38) * | 0.77 (0.61, 0.98)* | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) * | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 1.05 (0.79, 1.39) | |
Household Wealth Index | ||||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Poorer | 1.24 (0.86, 1.80) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | ||||
Middle | 1.22 (0.85, 1.75) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.17) | ||||
Richer | 1.13 (0.78, 1.65) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) | ||||
Richest | 1.64 (1.10, 2.45) * | 1.41 (1.01, 1.96) * | ||||
Mother’s religion | ||||||
Hindu | 1.00 | |||||
Muslim | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) | |||||
Christianity and others | 1.35 (1.04, 1.75) * | |||||
Marital status | ||||||
Currently married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Formerly married (divorced / separated / widow) | 1.73 (1.10, 2.72) * | 1.61 (1.10, 1.27) * | ||||
Mother’s education | ||||||
No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Primary | 1.16 (0.97, 1.37) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.37) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) | |||
Secondary and above | 1.24 (1.08, 1.42) * | 1.31 (1.02, 1.67) * | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) * | |||
Power over earning | ||||||
Husband | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
woman | 1.10 (0.93, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.27) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.17) | 1.20 (0.88, 1.63) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) * | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) |
Power over Household purchases | ||||||
Husband | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
woman | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.66) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.25) * | 1.16 (0.96, 1.40) |
Birth order | ||||||
First-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
2nd-4th | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) * | 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) * | 1.23 (1.14, 1.33) * | 1.26 (1.09, 1.46) * | ||
5 or more | 1.45 (1.14, 1.86) * | 1.14 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.32 (1.16, 1.51) * | 1.44 (1.13, 1.84) * | ||
Type of delivery assistance | ||||||
Health professional | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Traditional birth attendant | 0.36 (0.16, 0.80) * | 1.44 (1.24, 1.67) * | 0.99 (0.89, 1.12) | |||
Other untrained personnel | 0.80 (0.62, 1.04) | 1.45 (1.27, 1.65) * | 1.24 (1.14, 1.35) * | |||
Antenatal clinic visits | ||||||
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1–3 | 1.27 (1.02, 1.59) * | 1.09 (0.76, 1.59) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) * | ||
4+ | 1.65 (1.31, 2.06) * | 1.74 (1.27, 2.38) * | 1.49 (1.30, 1.72) * | 1.66 (1.48, 1.86) * | ||
Place of delivery | ||||||
Home | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Health facility | 0.77 (0.64, 0.93) * | 1.27 (1.11, 1.44) * | ||||