Table 1 Characteristics of 143 healthy women and 134 women with cervical cancer
Participant type | Healthy women N = 143 | Cervical cancer patients N = 134 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | [N = 143] (%) | [N = 134] (%) | Treated [n = 92] (%) | p-value* |
Province of residence | ||||
Manicaland | – | 17(12) | 14 (15) | 0.193 |
Masvingo | – | 9(7) | 8 (9) | 0.176 |
Midlands | – | 7(5) | 5 (6) | 0.871 |
Matebeleland North | – | 1(1) | 1 (1) | 0.498 |
Mashonaland Central | – | 5(4) | 4 (4) | 0.671 |
Mashonaland East | – | 24(18) | 16 (17) | 0.871 |
Mashonaland West | – | 5(4) | 3 (3) | 0.671 |
Harare | 143 (100) | 66(49) | 41 (45) | 0.217 |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 93 (65) | 74 (55) | 47 (51) | 0.154 |
Urban_Low density | 31(21.7) | 3(2) | 3 (3) | 0.237 |
Urban_High density | 31 (21.7) | 67(50) | 40 (44) | 0.025 |
Urban_Medium density | 31 (21.7) | 4(3) | 4 (4) | 0.170 |
Rural | 50 (35) | 60(45) | 45 (49) | 0.154 |
Age (years) | Mean (35) | Mean (52) | Mean (53) | |
25–34 | 78 (55) | 6(4) | 4 (4) | 0.914 |
35–44 | 40 (28) | 31(23) | 19 (21) | 0.313 |
45–54 | 22 (15) | 41(31) | 26 (28) | 0.642 |
55 or more | 3 (2) | 56(42) | 43 (47) | 0.180 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Shona | 133 (93) | 130(97) | 88 (96) | 0.170 |
Ndebele | 6 (4) | 2(1) | 2 (2) | 0.336 |
Other | 4 (3) | 2(2) | 2 (2) | – |
Marital status | ||||
Married/co-habiting | 98 (69) | 52(39) | 30 (33) | 0.029 |
Never married | 17 (12) | 1(1) | 1 (1) | 0.498 |
Widowed | 13 (9) | 59(44) | 44 (48) | 0.190 |
Divorced or separated | 15 (10) | 22(16) | 17 (18) | 0.341 |
Religion | ||||
Roman Catholic | 24 (17) | 34(25) | 24 (26) | 0.779 |
Protestant | 22 (16) | 24(18) | 21 (23) | 0.028 |
Pentecostal | 56 (39) | 34(25) | 21 (23) | 0.316 |
Apostolic sect | 27 (19) | 34(25) | 24 (26) | 0.779 |
Other | 14(9) | 8(7) | 2 (2) | 0.006 |
Education | ||||
Primary | 19 (13) | 43(32) | 30 (33) | 0.849 |
Secondary | 100 (70) | 75(56) | 50 (54) | 0.576 |
Higher | 24 (17) | 6(5) | 5 (5) | 0.428 |
None | 0 | 10(7) | 7 (8) | 0.924 |
Household head education | ||||
Primary | 5 (3) | 16(12) | 12 (13) | 0.560 |
Secondary | 74 (52) | 50(37) | 30 (33) | 0.096 |
Higher | 54 (38) | 14(10) | 12 (13) | 0.146 |
Not Applicable | 10 (7) | 5(4) | 37 (40) | 0.194 |
None | – | 49(37) | 1 (1) | 0.017 |
Occupation | ||||
Unemployed | 59 (41) | 90(67) | 60 (65) | 0.478 |
Student | 7 (5) | 3(2) | 2 (2) | 0.336 |
Professional | 14 (10) | 3(2) | 3 (3) | 0.620 |
Police/Military/Security | 5 (4) | 12(9) | 9 (10) | 0.137 |
Trucker/transport business | 1 (1) | 1(1) | 2 (2) | – |
General worker | 6(4) | 1(1) | 4 (5) | 0.318 |
Self employed | 26 (18) | 5(4) | 10 (11) | 0.572 |
Vendor | 25 (17) | 16(12) | 2 (2) | 0.940 |
Occupation of household head | ||||
Unemployed | 9 (6) | 25(19) | 15 (16) | 0.301 |
Farm worker | 1 (1) | 2(1) | 2 (2) | 0.336 |
Professional | 52 (36) | 23(17) | 20 (22) | 0.038 |
Police/Military/Security | 11 (8) | 5(4) | 5 (5) | 0.124 |
Trucker/transport business | 15(10) | 1(1) | 0 | 0.137 |
General worker | 5 (3) | 0 | 0 | 0.246 |
Self employed | 31 (22) | 30(22) | 18 (20) | 0.498 |
Vendor | 7 (5) | 1(1) | 1 (1) | 0.621 |
Other | 1 (1) | 47(35) | 0 | – |
Not applicable | 11 (8) | 0 | 31 (34) | – |
Personal income (monthly) (US$) | ||||
No income | 52 (36) | 77(57) | 52 (57) | 0.744 |
< 200 | 51 (35) | 32(24) | 23 (25) | 0.653 |
200–400 | 24 (17) | 19(14) | 13 (14) | 0.981 |
430 or more | 16 (12) | 6(4) | 4 (4) | 0.914 |
Household income (monthly) (US$) | ||||
No income | 52 (36) | 71(53) | 50 (55) | 0.640 |
< 600 | 55 (39) | 53(40) | 35 (38) | 0.597 |
600–1000 | 16 (11) | 6(4) | 4 (4) | 0.914 |
1200 or more | 20 (14) | 4(3) | 3 (3) | 0.718 |
Medical insurance/aid | ||||
Yes | 50 (35) | 27(20) | 22 (24) | 0.108 |
No | 93 (65) | 107(80) | 70 (76) | – |
Wealth quintiles | ||||
Poorest | 50 (35) | 7(5) | 6 (7) | 0.318 |
Poorer | 22 (15) | 32(24) | 23 (25) | 0.653 |
Middle | 19 (13) | 36(27) | 23 (25) | 0.471 |
Richer | 30 (21) | 26(19) | 15 (16) | 0.179 |
Richest | 22 (16) | 33(25) | 25 (27) | 0.311 |
Access/perception of access to treatment | ||||
Yes | 114 (80) | 92 (69) | – | – |
No | 29 (20) | 42 (31) | – | |