Association of living arrangements with depressive symptoms among older adults in China: a cross-sectional study

Zhang, Yong; Liu, Zifeng; Zhang, Lingling; Zhu, Paiyi; Wang, Xin; Huang, Yixiang

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7350-8

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Distribution of study variables overall

From: Association of living arrangements with depressive symptoms among older adults in China: a cross-sectional study

Variable		Total N = 6001		Depressive Symptoms^b N = 2157		No Depressive Symptoms N = 3844		p-value^a
Variable		n	%	n	%	n	%
Living arrangements
Living with spouse	living with child							0.000
Yes	no	2,478	41.29	790	36.62	1,688	43.91
Yes	yes	2,109	35.14	756	35.05	1,353	35.20
No	no	672	11.20	287	13.31	385	10.02
No	yes	742	12.36	324	15.02	418	10.87
Sociodemographic variables
Gender								0.000
	male	3,050	57.02	858	39.78	2,192	57.02
	female	2,951	42.98	1,299	60.22	1,652	42.98
Age								0.158
	60–69	4,014	66.89	1,453	67.36	2,561	66.62
	70–79	1,661	27.68	603	27.96	1,058	27.52
	80-	326	5.43	101	4.68	225	5.85
Marriage								0.000
	married	4,876	81.25	1,662	77.05	3,214	83.61
	unmarried/widowed/divorced	1,125	18.75	495	22.95	630	16.39
Education								0.000
	Illiterate	1,861	31.01	823	38.15	1,038	27.00
	Primary school	2,843	47.38	1,040	48.22	1,803	46.90
	Middle school	860	14.33	212	9.83	648	16.86
	High school or above	437	7.28	82	3.80	355	9.24
Area								0.000
	rural	4,796	79.92	1,868	86.60	2,928	76.17
	urban	1,205	20.08	289	13.40	916	23.83
Health behavior
Smoking								0.000
	no	3,283	54.71	1,291	59.85	1,992	51.82
	quit	776	12.93	239	11.08	537	13.97
	now	1,942	32.36	627	29.07	1,315	34.21
Drinking								0.000
	no	1,594	26.56	464	21.51	1,130	29.40
	seldom	443	7.38	157	7.28	286	7.44
	often	3,964	66.06	1,536	71.21	2,428	63.16
Phsical activity								0.000
	no	2,953	49.21	1,160	53.78	1,793	46.64
	yes	3,048	50.79	997	46.22	2,051	53.36
Health condition
BMI^c								0.000
	underweight	472	7.87	218	10.11	254	6.61
	normal	3,673	61.21	1,334	61.85	2,339	60.85
	overweight	1,571	26.18	506	23.46	1,065	27.71
	obse	285	4.75	99	4.59	186	4.84
ADL disability^d								0.000
	independent	5,569	92.80	1,886	87.44	3,683	95.81
	dependent	432	7.20	271	12.56	161	4.19
Self-reported health								0.000
	good	1,675	27.91	284	13.17	1,391	36.19
	poor	4,326	72.09	1,873	86.83	2,453	63.81
Chronic diseases								0.000
	0	1,424	23.73	363	16.83	1,061	27.60
	1	1,662	27.70	549	25.45	1,113	28.95
	2	1,340	22.33	495	22.95	845	21.98
	≥3	1,575	26.25	750	34.77	825	21.46

^aThe chi-square test was used for calculating the P value, to evaluates the association between depressive symptoms and exposure factors, depressive symptoms and covariates
^bDepressive symptom, based on CES-D10 scores of 10-item Short-Form Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression
^cBMI, body mass index
^dADL disability, activities of daily living disable

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpublichealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com