From: Do poor people in the poorer states pay more for healthcare in India?
Parameters | Model-1 (India) | Model-2 (Bihar) | Model-3 (Tamil Nadu) |
---|---|---|---|
 | Coef. 95% CI | Coef. 95% CI | Coef. 95% CI |
Resident | |||
Rural® | |||
Urban | 0.001 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.092(−0.02, 0.21) | 0.041(− 0.04, 0.13) |
Poverty and hospitalization | |||
Non-poor & using private health centers® |  |  |  |
Poor & using public health centers | −0.710***(− 0.75, − 0.67) | −0.683***(− 0.83, − 0.54) | −0.468**(− 0.85, − 0.09) |
Poor & using private health centers | −0.197***(− 0.23, − 0.17 | −0.280***(− 0.40, − 0.16) | − 0.245***(− 0.38, − 0.11) |
Non-poor & using public health centers | −0.557***(− 0.59, − 0.52) | −0.473***(− 0.60, − 0.34) | −0.294(− 0.67, 0.08) |
Age | |||
15–59® | |||
<=14 | −0.075***(− 0.11, − 0.04) | − 0.015(− 0.15, 0.12) | 0.056(− 0.08, 0.19) |
60+ | 0.043**(0.01, 0.07) | 0.080(− 0.07, 0.23) | − 0.029(− 0.13, 0.07) |
Sex | |||
Male® | |||
Female | − 0.151***(− 0.17, − 0.13) | −0.256***(− 0.36, − 0.15) | −0.082(− 0.17, 0.00) |
Religion | |||
Hindu® | |||
Muslim | −0.049**(− 0.08, − 0.01) | −0.084(− 0.23, 0.07) | 0.054(− 0.09, 0.20) |
Others | 0.113***(0.07, 0.16) | 0.189(− 0.23, 0.60) | − 0.020(− 0.18, 0.14) |
Caste | |||
SC/ST® | |||
OBC/Other | 0.083***(0.06, 0.11) | 0.235(0.12, 0.35) | 0.021(− 0.08, 0.12) |
Surgery | |||
Not received® | |||
Free/partly free | 0.449***(0.41, 0.49) | 0.234**(0.04, 0.43) | 0.469***(0.33, 0.61) |
On payment | 0.846***(0.82, 0.87) | 0.696***(0.59, 0.80) | 0.924***(0.83, 1.02) |
Medicine | |||
Not received® | |||
Free/partly free | −0.011(− 0.20, 0.18) | 0.320(− 0.23, 0.87) | 0.013(− 0.84, 0.87) |
On payment | 0.793***(0.60, 0.98) | 0.797**(0.25, 1.34) | 1.386**(0.49, 2.28) |
X-ray | |||
Not received® | |||
Free/partly free | 0.365***(0.32, 0.41) | 0.445(0.26, 0.63) | 0.270(0.14, 0.40) |
On payment | 0.607***(0.58, 0.63) | 0.550***(0.44, 0.66) | 0.684***(0.57, 0.80) |
Diagnostic | |||
Not received® | |||
Free/partly free | 0.133***(0.09, 0.18) | 0.041(− 0.12, 0.21) | 0.118(− 0.06, 0.30) |
On payment | 0.632***(0.60, 0.66) | 0.569***(0.45, 0.69) | 0.529***(0.38, 0.68) |
Insurance | |||
No health insurance® | |||
Not reimbursed | 0.053***(0.03, 0.08) | −0.021(− 0.12, 0.08) | 0.080(−0.08, 0.24) |
Reimbursed | 0.515***(0.46, 0.57) | 0.485**(0.13, 0.84) | 0.427***(0.19, 0.66) |
Diseases | |||
Cancer® | |||
Bone disease | −0.843***(− 0.96,-0.73) | −1.360***(−1.85, − 0.87) | − 0.409(− 0.82, 0.00) |
Diabetes | − 0.875***(− 1.00, − 0.75) | −1.629***(− 2.28, − 0.98) | − 0.402(− 0.82, 0.01) |
Fever | −1.098***(− 1.20, − 0.99) | −1.804***(− 2.30, − 1.31) | − 0.667**(− 1.06, − 0.27) |
High Blood Pressure | −1.086***(− 1.21, − 0.96) | −1.588***(− 2.21, − 0.97) | − 0.555**(− 1.08, − 0.03) |
Accident | −0.899***(− 1.00, − 0.80) | −1.606***(− 2.07, − 1.15) | − 0.426**(− 0.82, − 0.04) |
Jaundice | −0.681***(− 0.80, − 0.56) | − 1.472***(− 2.03, − 0.92) | 0.120(− 0.34, 0.58) |
Respiratory Diseases | −0.960***(− 1.07, − 0.85) | −1.592***(− 2.10, − 1.09) | − 0.487**(− 0.91, − 0.06) |
Heart Diseases | −0.446(− 0.55, − 0.34) | −0.913***(− 1.42, 0.41) | 0.043(− 0.36, 0.45) |
Eye Diseases | − 1.664***(− 1.55, − 2.062) | − 2.062***(− 2.54, − 1.58) | −1.440***(− 1.83, − 1.05) |
Tuberculosis | −0.683***(− 0.83, − 0.56) | −1.685***(− 2.22, − 1.16) | − 0.400(− 1.02, 0.22) |
Blood disease | − 0.754***(− 0.88, − 0.62) | −1.158***(− 1.67, − 0.64) | − 0.328(− 0.84, 0.18) |
Neurological | −0.609***(− 0.72, − 0.50) | −1.124***(− 1.63, − 0.62) | − 0.120(− 0.55, 0.31) |
Others | −0.982***(− 1.08, − 0.88) | −1.641***(− 2.09, − 1.19) | − 0.293(− 0.68, 0.09) |
Constant | 8.446***(8.23, 8.66) | 8.977***(8.25, 9.71) | 7.390***(6.39, 8.39) |