Table 4 Summary of papers included: Quantitative and mixed methods studies
First author, year & reference | Country | Participants defined, (age range/mean), gender | No. of participants | Type of data # | Sources, potential bias & limitations | Quality review~ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parkinson (2006) [5] | USA | AAS users, 494 men 6 women | 500 | Quantitative: web-based questionnaire | Web-based, self-selected, self-report | ** |
Cohen (2007) [48] | US | AAS users (Non-medical), men | 1955 | Quantitative: web-based survey | Online population | *** |
Larance (2008) [49] | Australia | IPED users, men | 60 | #Quantitative: cross -sectional structured Interviews | Self-selecting sample, purposive recruitment strategies, self-reports | *** |
Al-Falasi (2009) [50] | UAE | AAS users (34 male) and non-AAS users (129 male & female), age range not specific | 154 | Quantitative: Self-administered questionnaire | Self-report, small sample size, selective bias | ** |
Bojsen-Møller (2010) [51] | Denmark | General public (incl AAS users), (not given for AAS queries subset), 284 men, 40 women | 374 | Quantitative: Anti-Doping Hotline Enquires: web and phone queries (subset AAS use) | Self-selected, missing data for AAS users’ subset | ** |
Hope (2013) [52] | England & Wales (UK) | Injectors of IPED (NSPs), (n = 347 mean = 28 [not all gave age]), men | 395 | Quantitative: unlinked-anonymous cross-sectional biobehavioural survey (oral fluid sample) | NSPs as settings | *** |
Hope (2013) [19] | England & Wales (UK) | Injectors of IPED (NSPs), (n = 319, mean: 28 [not all gave age]), men | 366 | Quantitative: unlinked-anonymous cross-sectional biobehavioural survey (oral fluid sample) | same study as above | *** |
van Beek (2015) [53] | Australia | Injectors of IPED (NSPs), (mean = 32.6), men | 103 | Quantitative: Self-administered survey | Recruited from 2 public healthcare providers | *** |
Jacka (2017) [54] | Australia | Injectors of IPED, (median 27), men | 100000 occasions | Queensland NSP Minimum dataset | NSPs as settings | *** |
Rowe (2017) [8] | Australia | Injectors of IPED, (mean = 28.8), men | 605 | Quantitative: Self-administered questionnaire | NSPs as settings | *** |
Zahnow (2017) [55] | Global | AAS users, 253 men & 59 women (no exact No. after exclusion criteria applied) | 195 AAS users with adverse effects | Quantitative: Sub-section of global drug survey – online | Self-nominating, online only | ** |
Dennington (2008) [34] | Australia | IPED users, 61 men, 1 woman, 7 trans, 24, key informants | 69 (+ 24) | #Mixed Methods: semi-structured interviews collecting quantitative and qualitative data | Report: not peer reviewed. Data sets not integrated | ** |