Table 4 Intervention effects on infant and young child feeding, infection control, care-seeking practices, and uptake of services

Areas

1

2

3

1

2

3

 Children 0-24 months

836

759

854

750

862

782

  Initiation of breastfeeding with 1 h of birth

297 (35.5)

257 (33.9)

324 (37.9)

196 (26.1)

361 (41.9)

370 (47.3)

3.40 (2.41-4.79)

< 0.001

3.80 (2.68-5.38)

< 0.001

 Children 12-16 months

166

140

162

136

161

157

  Continued breastfeeding at 1 year

158 (95.2)

135 (96.4)

145 (89.5)

133 (97.8)

150 (93.2)

156 (99.4)

0.08 (0.00-1.01)

0.050

3.40 (0.18-87.5)

0.378

 Children 6-9 months

96

99

93

99

129

121

  Timely introduction of semi-solid and solid foods

63 (65.6)

65 (65.7)

66 (71.0)

68 (68.7)

104 (80.6)

105 (86.8)

1.69 (0.64-4.48)

0.292

2.43 (0.86-6.85)

0.093

  Minimum meal frequency (breastfed children, twice a day)

55 (57.3)

55 (55.6)

51 (54.8)

59 (59.7)

72 (55.8)

67 (55.4)

0.70 (0.20-1.73)

0.450

0.93 (0.38-2.29)

0.874

  Minimum acceptable diet

20 (20.8)

13 (13.3)

25 (26.9)

8 (8.1)

22 (17.0)

38 (31.4)

4.30 (1.26-16.21)

0.019

4.02 (1.30-12.47)

0.016

 Children 6-24 months

714

650

756

636

735

684

  Minimum dietary diversity (≥4 food groups)

300 (42.0)

218 (33.5)

352 (46.6)

248 (39.0)

309 (42.0)

474 (69.3)

1.85 (1.31-2.62)

< 0.001

3.67 (2.59-5.21)

< 0.001

  Consumption of iron rich foods

245 (34.3)

116 (17.8)

185 (24.5)

193 (30.3)

187 (25.4)

357 (52.2)

2.22 (1.52-3.23)

< 0.001

5.18 (3.64-7.58)

< 0.001

 Children 9-24 months

618

551

663

537

606

563

  Minimum meal frequency (breastfed children (three times a day)

402 (65.0)

344 (62.4)

288 (43.4)

371 (69.1)

374 (61.7)

327 (58.1)

0.70 (0.48-1.02)

0.063

1.41 (0.98-2.04)

0.062

  Minimum acceptable diet

205 (33.2)

148 (26.9)

161 (24.3)

179 (33.3)

204 (33.7)

228 (40.5)

1.94 (0.91-1.97)

0.135

2.18 (1.50-3.19)

< 0.001

 Children 0-36 months

1263

1245

1360

1130

1256

1177

  Water treatment, physical or chemical

288 (22.8)

277 (22.2)

377 (27.7)

326 (28.8)

401 (31.9)

497 (42.2)

1.33 (0.95-1.86)

0.093

1.86 (1.33-2.61)

< 0.001

  Handwashing with soap after all three key events^a

172 (13.6)

48 (3.9)

87 (6.4)

137 (12.1)

245 (19.5)

238 (20.2)

13.1 (8.17-21.2)

< 0.001

8.34 (5.40-12.9)

< 0.001

 Children 0-36 months

1263

1245

1360

1130

1256

1177

  Household owns a bed net

955 (75.6)

745 (59.8)

816 (60.0)

754 (66.7)

886 (70.5)

841 (71.5)

3.95 (2.84-5.48)

< 0.001

4.71 (3.40-6.51)

< 0.001

  Child slept under a bed net last night (among those in households with a net)

923 (96.7)

513 (68.9)

604 (74.0)

625 (82.9)

790 (89.2)

718 (85.4)

29.1 (16.9.0-50.1)

< 0.001

12.5 (7.29-21.48)

< 0.001

  Vitamin A dose received in last 6 months

687 (54.4)

595 (47.8)

888 (65.3)

414 (36.6)

584 (46.5)

527 (44.8)

2.55 (1.96-3.33)

< 0.001

1.15 (0.88-1.49)

0.307

  Deworming in last 6 months

626 (49.6)

468 (37.6)

737 (54.2)

361 (32.0)

471 (37.5)

427 (36.3)

2.38 (1.83-3.11)

< 0.001

1.18 (0.91-1.54)

0.205

  Diarrhoea in last 14 days

168 (13.3)

166 (13.3)

266 (19.6)

126 (11.2)

165 (13.1)

228 (19.4)

1.30 (0.91-1.86)

0.151

1.22 (0.87-1.72)

0.238

  Same or more breastmilk given during diarrhea

84 (50.0)

107 (64.5)

185 (69.5)

105 (83.3)

125 (75.8)

175 (76.7)

0.30 (0.13-0.66)

0.003

0.30 (0.14-0.64)

0.002

  Same or more food given during diarrhea

72 (42.9)

80 (48.2)

144 (54.1)

75 (59.5)

101 (61.2)

133 (58.3)

0.72 (0.34-1.53)

0.402

0.88 (0.44-1.74)

0.712

  Advice sought from ANM, AWW or ASHA for diarrhea

118 (70.2)

68 (41.0)

117 (44.0)

73 (57.9)

118 (71.5)

178 (78.1)

6.18 (2.92-13.1)

< 0.001

9.82 (4.82-20.0)

< 0.001

  ORS used during diarrhea

83 (49.4)

66 (39.8)

103 (38.7)

46 (36.5)

98 (59.4)

129 (56.6)

3.27 (1.52-7.04)

0.002

4.92 (2.39-10.1)

< 0.001

  Fever or cough in last 14 days

215 (17.0)

249 (20.0)

407 (29.9)

193 (17.1)

262 (20.9)

428 (36.4)

1.09 (0.79-1.49)

0.595

1.46 (1.08-1.97)

0.013

  Same or more breastmilk given in case of fever or cough

135 (62.8)

173 (69.5)

256 (62.9)

152 (78.8)

187 (71.4)

261 (61.0)

0.42 (0.22-0.81)

0.001

0.33 (0.18-0.61)

< 0.001

  Same or more food given in case of fever of cough

112 (52.1)

137 (55.0)

172 (42.3)

89 (46.1)

155 (59.2)

176 (41.1)

1.31 (0.73-2.35)

0.363

1.20 (0.71-2.04)

0.488

  Advice sought for fever or cough

166 (77.2)

79 (31.7)

199 (48.9)

107 (55.4)

165 (63.0)

240 (56.1)

15.5 (8.12-29.69)

< 0.001

4.44 (2.51-7.84)

< 0.001

 Children 12-24 months

487

427

533

432

490

456

  Measles immunisation received

415 (85.2)

374 (87.6)

422 (79.2)

315 (72.9)

421 (85.9)

382 (83.8)

1.95 (1.08-3.51)

0.027

3.16 (1.77-5.63)

< 0.001

 Children 0-36 months

1263

1245

1360

1130

1256

1177

  Regular food received from AWW in last 3 months

1030 (75.7)

946 (76.0)

954 (75.5)

897 (79.4)

854 (68.0)

913 (77.6)

0.32 (0.24-0.45)

< 0.001

0.67 (0.48-0.91)

0.012

  Child weighed by AWW at least once in the last 3 months

811 (64.2)

901 (72.4)

937 (68.9)

662 (58.6)

809 (64.4)

623 (52.9)

0.80 (0.61-1.04)

0.093

0.66 (0.50-0.86)

0.002

 Children 6-36 months

1092

1081

1215

956

1073

1048

  Children aged 6-36 months with SAM (WHZ < -3SD)

61 (5.6)

98 (9.1)

78 (6.4)

91 (9.5)

77 (7.2)

80 (7.6)

0.47 (0.29-0.76)

0.002

0.72 (0.44-1.16)

0.177

  Children aged 6-36 months with SAM referred to Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre

1 (1.6)

25 (25.5)

11 (14.1)

8 (8.8)

6 (7.8)

15 (18.8)

0.06 (0.005-0.75)

0.029

0.24 (0.02-2.98)

0.269