Table 2 Summary of health, exposure, and other participant and household measurements
Measurement | Description | Source | Groups Measured | Timinga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary health endpoints | Blood pressure (brachial systolic and diastolic) C-reactive protein (systemic inflammation) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) | SphygmoCor XCEL monitor Dried blood spots Finger-stick point-of-care instrument | All participants All participants All participants | All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 |
Secondary health endpoints | Other biomarkers of systemic injury and inflammation Metabolomics Augmentation index and central pulse pressure Blood lipids (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides) Self-reported health symptoms Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (airway inflammation) Telomere length from buccal cells | Dried blood spots Dried blood spots SphygmoCor XCEL Finger-stick point-of-care instrument Questionnaires NIOX Vero and Aero monitors Buccal scrapes | All participants All participants All participants All participants All participants Sub-set of participants Sub-set of participants | All 6 visits, day 2 Visit 1 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 Visits 1-4, day 2 |
Exposure assessments | Assigned stove type | Randomization | All participants | See Table 1 scheme |
Kitchen | ||||
PM2.5 Black carbon Ultrafine PM Real time and gravimetric PM2.5 Carbon monoxide | Triplex cyclone and AirChek pump PM2.5 Filters and Sootscan Discmini Personal Data Ram Dräger Pac 7000 | All kitchens All kitchens Sub-set of kitchens Sub-set of kitchens All kitchens | All 6 visits, 24-hours All 6 visits, 24-hours Visits 1-4, 24-hours Visits 1-4, 24-hours Visits 1-3, 24-hours | |
Personal | ||||
PM2.5 Black carbon Compliance with wearing monitors Carbon monoxide | Triplex cyclone and AirChek pump, UPAS PM2.5 Filters and Sootscan Accelerometer Dräger Pac 7000 | All participants All participants All participants All participants | All 6 visits, 24-hours All 6 visits, 24-hours All 6 visits, 24-hours Visits 1-3, 24-hours | |
Other sources of household air pollution | Neighbors, traffic, trash burning, kerosene use Smoking status (cigarettes and puro) Secondhand smoke exposure | Questionnaires Questionnaires Screening | All participants All participants All participants | All 6 visits, day 1 Screening and all 6 visits, day 2 Screening |
Stove use | Self-reported use of all cookstoves, behaviors Electronic monitoring of cookstove temperature Justa cookstove maintenance, changes, preferences Time cooking separately for animals | Questionnaires Stove Use Monitors (SUMs) Questionnaires Questionnaires | All participants All cookstoves Justa recipients All participants | All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, 24-hours Visits 3-6, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 |
Household and kitchen characteristics | Elevation and GPS coordinates Kitchen temperature and humidity Kitchen ventilation/openings Kitchen location, size, and housing materials | Maps.me on smart phones EasyLog monitor Questionnaires Questionnaires | All households All kitchens All kitchens All kitchens | Visit 1 (repeated if new house) All 6 visits, 24-hours Visit 1 (repeated if new house) Visit 1 (repeated if new house) |
Socioeconomic and demographics | Income sources Material items, electricity, education, beds, age Household size, age of youngest child | Questionnaires Questionnaires Questionnaires | All participants All participants All participants | All 6 visits, day 1 Visit 1, day 1 All 6 visits, day 1 |
Other health-related measures | Illnesses, previous diagnoses Medication and vitamin use 24-hour dietary recall and diversity Weekly physical activity Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference Pregnancy | Questionnaires Questionnaires Questionnaires Questionnaires Anthropometric measures Screening and Questionnaires | All participants All participants All participants All participants All participants All participants | All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 Screening and all 6 visits, day 1 |