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Table 1 Demographic characteristics and growth and dysmorphology measurements of screened students

From: Population-based prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada

 

Students screened in Phase I (n = 2555)

Students eligible for Phase II (n = 817)

Students with deficits in 2+ neuro-developmental domains (n = 323a)

Students selected for case conference review (n = 66b)

Students with suspected FASD (n = 21)

Typically developing control children (n = 83)

Statistical testc

p value

Demographics

Sex (% male)

48.3

55.2

58.8

50.0

52.4

59.0

t = 0.547

.586

Age (years) – mean (SD)

8.7 (0.9)

8.6 (0.9)

8.6 (1.0)

8.7 (1.0)

8.9 (0.8)

8.5 (0.8)

t = 1.859

.066

 Range

6.4–10.8

6.7–10.6

6.9–10.4

6.9–10.3

7.6–10.4

6.5–10.5

  

Ethnicity – n (%)

      

X = 7.279

.296

 Caucasian

605 (23.7)

248 (30.4)

108 (33.4)

28 (42.4)

15 (71.4)

38 (45.8)

  

 African Canadian

244 (9.6)

73 (8.9)

41 (12.7)

9 (13.6)

1 (4.8)

3 (3.6)

  

 Eastern European

205 (8.0)

63 (7.7)

16 (5.0)

5 (7.6)

2 (9.5)

7 (8.4)

  

 Western European

394 (15.4)

124 (15.2)

50 (15.5)

11 (16.7)

3 (14.3)

16 (19.3)

  

 Chinese/Southeast Asian

313 (12.3)

79 (9.7)

30 (9.3)

3 (4.6)

0 (0.0)

3 (3.6)

  

 South Asian

353 (13.8)

95 (11.6)

31 (9.6)

4 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

8 (9.6)

  

 Other

437 (17.1)

135 (16.5)

47 (14.6)

6 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

8 (9.6)

  

GROWTH MEASUREMENTS

Height (cm) – mean (SD)

132.7 (7.9)

130.2 (8.2)

131.0 (8.7)

130.8 (9.1)

132.8 (7.7)

133.9 (7.2)

t = 0.633

.528

Height ≤ 10th percentile – n (%)

278 (10.9)

202 (24.7)

70 (21.7)

18 (27.3)

5 (23.8)

2 (2.4)

X = 12.226

< .001

Weight (kg) – mean (SD)

31.1 (8.0)

28.7 (7.8)

29.9 (8.6)

29.8 (9.2)

31.3 (9.5)

32.0 (8.5)

t = 0.346

.730

Weight ≤ 10th percentile – n (%)

272 (10.7)

202 (24.7)

65 (20.1)

17 (25.8)

4 (19.1)

7 (8.4)

X = 1.996

.158

OFC (cm) – mean (SD)

53.0 (1.7)

52.31 (1.9)

52.54 (1.9)

52.25 (1.9)

52.5 (2.2)

53.6 (1.4)

t = 2.942

.004

OFC ≤ 10th percentile – n (%)

256 (10.0)

254 (31.1)

79 (24.5)

20 (30.3)

5 (23.8)

0 (0.0)

X = 20.760

< .001

DYSMORPHOLOGY

Right PFL (cm) – mean (SD)

2.51 (0.18)

2.48 (0.19)

2.50 (0.21)

2.44 (0.17)

2.40 (0.15)

2.51 (0.14)

t = 3.328

.001

Right PFL 2 SD below mean – n (%)

582 (22.8)

281 (34.4)

105 (32.6)

28 (42.4)

10 (47.6)

9 (10.8)

X = 15.180

< .001

Left PFL (cm) – mean (SD)

2.51 (0.17)

2.48 (0.18)

2.50 (0.20)

2.45 (0.17)

2.41 (0.16)

2.51 (0.13)

t = 2.658

.009

Left PFL 2 SD below mean – n (%)

562 (22.0)

268 (32.8)

96 (29.8)

28 (42.4)

9 (42.9)

11 (13.3)

X = 9.456

.002

Inner canthal distance (cm) – mean (SD)

2.88 (0.26)

2.82 (0.26)

2.82 (0.28)

2.74 (0.25)

2.84 (0.31)

2.83 (0.22)

t = 0.253

.801

Inner canthal distance ≤25th percentile – n (%)

912 (36.3)

358 (44.6)

148 (46.7)

39 (60.9)

10 (47.6)

38 (46.3)

X = 4.565

.335

Philtrum length (cm) – mean (SD)

1.18 (0.24)

1.19 (0.28)

1.20 (0.30)

1.24 (0.40)

1.17 (0.18)

1.26 (0.42)

t = 0.895

.373

Philtrum score on lip-philtrum guide – n (%)

      

X = 1.608

.658

 1

175 (6.9)

47 (5.8)

15 (4.6)

2 (3.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.2)

  

 2

907 (35.5)

238 (29.1)

90 (27.9)

15 (22.7)

5 (23.8)

30 (36.1)

  

 3

1135 (44.4)

341 (41.7)

149 (46.1)

33 (50.0)

11 (52.4)

38 (45.8)

  

 4

327 (12.8)

182 (22.3)

65 (20.1)

16 (24.2)

5 (23.8)

14 (16.9)

  

 5

10 (0.4)

9 (1.1)

4 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

  

Vermillion border score on lip-philtrum guide – n (%)

      

X = 1.620

.655

 1

300 (12.0)

66 (8.2)

27 (8.5)

3 (4.7)

1 (4.8)

2 (2.4)

  

 2

1135 (45.2)

323 (40.3)

134 (42.4)

21 (32.8)

9 (42.9)

35 (42.7)

  

 3

926 (36.9)

315 (39.3)

124 (39.2)

31 (48.4)

7 (33.3)

36 (43.9)

  

 4

143 (5.7)

93 (11.6)

29 (9.2)

9 (14.1)

4 (19.1)

9 (11.0)

  

 5

5 (0.2)

5 (0.6)

2 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

  
  1. FASD fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, PFL palpebral fissure length, SD standard deviation
  2. aOut of 786 students who completed the neurodevelopmental assessment in Phase II
  3. bSelected out of 323 students who demonstrated deficits in a minimum of two neurodevelopmental domains, along with 84 typically developing control children (total 407 cases)
  4. cComparing students with suspected FASD with typically developing control children
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