Domestic violence and perinatal outcomes – a prospective cohort study from Nepal

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Socio-economic characteristics of women by any domestic violence in two hospitals in Nepal, 2016

Characteristics	Total		Any domestic violence				p value
	Total		No		Yes
	N = 1381		n = 1098		n = 283
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Study site (n = 1381)
Dhulikhel Hospital	681	49.3	529	48.2	152	53.7	0.056
Kathmandu Medical College	700	50.7	569	51.8	131	46.3
Woman’s age in years (n = 1381)
15–19	77	5.6	59	5.4	18	6.4	0.029
20–24	591	42.8	451	41.1	140	49.5
25–29	519	37.6	423	38.5	96	33.9
≥ 30	194	14.0	165	15.0	29	10.2
Woman’s education (n = 1379)
None	131	9.5	90	8.2	41	14.5	< 0.001
Primary	190	13.8	136	12.4	54	19.1
Secondary	317	23.0	242	22.1	75	26.6
Higher	741	53.7	629	57.3	112	39.7
Woman’s income (1381)
No income	1021	73.9	811	73.9	210	74.2	< 0.001
Income no autonomy	84	6.1	53	4.8	31	11.0
Income and autonomy	276	20.0	234	21.3	42	14.8
Family structure (n = 1332)
Nuclear	632	47.4	514	48.5	118	43.4	0.075
Extended	700	52.6	546	51.5	154	56.6
Geographical setting (n = 1381)
Rural	404	29.3	309	28.1	95	33.6	0.044
Urban	977	70.7	789	71.9	188	66.4
Caste and ethnicity (n = 1380)
Dalit^a	38	2.8	25	2.3	13	4.6	0.005
Disadvantaged Janajati^b	298	21.6	224	20.4	74	26.1
Advantaged Janajati^c	306	22.2	238	21.7	68	24.0
Upper caste^d	738	53.5	610	55.6	128	45.2
Baseline anxiety and depression (HSCL-5 score^e)
≤ 2	1061	76.8	906	82.5	155	54.8	< 0.001
> 2	320	23.2	192	17.5	128	45.2

^aDalit = The most oppressed social class
^bDisadvantaged Janajati = Indigenous groups with little or no social mobility
^cAdvantaged Janajati = Indigenous groups with opportunity and access to social mobility
^dUpper castes = Traditionally, the most privileged groups in the social hierarchy
^eHSCL-5 score: Hopkins Symptom Checklist score-5

ISSN: 1471-2458