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Table 4 Odds ratio of self-reported chronic diseases by behavioral risk factors and socioeconomic-demographic characteristics among adult population (18–69 years) in India, 2007

From: Association of behavioral risk factors with self-reported and symptom or measured chronic diseases among adult population (18–69 years) in India: evidence from SAGE study

Socioeconomic-demographic characteristics

Self-reported chronic diseases (Adjusted odds ratio, 95% CIs)

Angina

Depression

Hypertension

COPD

Arthritis

Asthma

Stroke

Diabetes

Physical activity

 Physical inactivity@

  Moderate active

1.28(0.77,2.13)

0.30*(0.18,0.50)

1.09(0.80,1.48)

0.74(0.42,1.29)

0.68*(0.52,0.90)

1.24(0.74,2.09)

0.22*(0.09,0.54)

1.36(0.76,2.45)

  Vigorous active

0.90(0.50,1.61)

0.47*(0.28,0.78)

1.02(0.73,1.44)

0.36*(0.20,0.66)

0.73*(0.55,0.99)

1.04(0.61,1.78)

0.49(0.22,1.12)

0.94(0.54,1.62)

Nutritional status

 Inadequate intake# @

  Adequate intake##

0.31*(0.16,0.60)

3.45*(1.99,5.97)

0.76(0.48,1.20)

0.22*(0.09,0.54)

1.24(0.78,1.96)

0.20*(0.10,0.42)

0.77(0.20,2.96)

0.80(0.36,1.81)

Alcohol consumption^

 Non-drinkers@

  Infrequent moderate drinkers

0.38 (0.15,1.01)

0.98(0.48,1.99)

1.63(0.88,3.03)

1.53(0.62,3.77)

1.12(0.55,2.28)

0.38*(0.19,0.77)

1.29(0.23,7.20)

0.57(0.23,1.40)

  Frequent heavy drinkers

0.13*(0.03,0.59)

1.72(0.61,4.80)

0.93(0.22,4.01)

0.32(0.10,1.00)

1.84(0.65,5.22)

1.37(0.51,3.73)

0.26(0.05,1.41)

1.49(0.24,9.12)

Any tobacco use

 No@

  Yes

1.31(0.84,2.05)

1.07(0.67,1.72)

1.17(0.86,1.59)

1.06(0.58,1.92)

1.06(0.80,1.40)

0.91(0.57,1.46)

3.59*(1.07,12.13)

0.93(0.58,1.47)

Body mass Index

 Normal weight@

  Underweight

0.79(0.49,1.27)

0.84(0.54,1.32)

0.82(0.60,1.11)

2.52*(1.57,4.04)

0.67*(0.52,0.87)

1.41(0.87,2.27)

0.33*(0.15,0.73)

0.94(0.49,1.82)

  Overweight

1.02(0.58,1.77)

1.83(0.92,3.63)

1.91*(1.32,2.75)

0.28*(0.14,0.55)

2.35*(1.68,3.28)

1.29(0.55,3.03)

0.84(0.27,2.59)

2.79*(1.55,5.01)

  Obese

0.80(0.32,1.98)

0.74(0.32,1.74)

2.30*(1.49,3.53)

0.93(0.28,3.03)

0.87(0.51,1.49)

1.82(0.60,5.58)

1.66(0.29,9.61)

1.70(0.95,3.05)

Place of residence

 Urban@

  Rural

0.78(0.45,1.35)

1.22(0.77,1.95)

0.85(0.64,1.12)

1.74(0.94,3.23)

1.45*(1.08,1.96)

0.82(0.52,1.32)

0.66(0.26,1.71)

0.88(0.53,1.45)

Member’s sex

 Male@

  Female

1.04(0.71,1.52)

0.58(0.25,1.35)

2.32*(1.70,3.17)

0.37*(0.21,0.65)

1.70*(1.27,2.27)

0.59(0.34,1.03)

1.53(0.64,3.69)

0.40*(0.24,0.66)

Age group

 18-29@

  30–44

9.12*(4.05,20.56)

3.03*(1.43,6.42)

3.11*(1.89,5.12)

2.79*(1.17,6.67)

2.93*(1.83,4.72)

2.38(0.93,6.10)

0.70(0.16,3.00)

2.92*(0.94,9.07)

  45–59

7.24*(3.28,15.98)

3.44*(1.62,7.29)

6.52*(3.93,10.83)

3.63*(1.62,8.12)

5.98*(3.75,9.54)

3.48*(1.34,9.00)

0.99(0.21,4.79)

5.94*(1.94,18.2)

  60–69

11.84*(5.08,27.61)

3.22*(1.46,7.10)

7.80*(4.60,13.23)

3.97*(1.74,9.05)

8.89*(5.53,14.28)

7.53*(3.01,18.86)

1.76(0.31,9.95)

7.91*(2.54,24.59)

Educational attainment+++

 No education@

  <primary & primary

0.95(0.59,1.53)

1.17(0.72,1.89)

0.93(0.70,1.25)

1.10(0.62,1.93)

1.15(0.88,1.51)

0.80(0.50,1.29)

1.53(0.71,3.28)

1.00(0.58,1.71)

  Secondary

2.47*(1.31,4.66)

1.06(0.50,2.23)

1.28(0.86,1.91)

1.66(0.79,3.47)

1.32(0.91,1.93)

0.92(0.45,1.87)

0.99(0.18,5.31)

1.10(0.50,2.41)

  High school & above

1.25(0.58,2.70)

1.09(0.57,2.07)

1.48(0.97,2.25)

1.33(0.60,2.93)

0.84(0.53,1.34)

1.03(0.54,1.96)

0.61(0.20,1.83)

1.04(0.49,2.22)

Wealth Quintile

 Poorest@

  Poor

0.83(0.40,1.68)

1.16(0.60,2.24)

1.14(0.72,1.81)

0.62(0.32,1.19)

0.90(0.62,1.30)

0.99(0.56,1.77)

2.75(0.86,8.74)

0.90(0.37,2.21)

  Middle

1.24(0.58,2.64)

1.13(0.60,2.12)

1.71*(1.09,2.69)

0.66(0.33,1.34)

0.97(0.66,1.43)

0.68(0.36,1.27)

1.53(0.50,4.70)

2.03(0.77,5.33)

  Rich

0.89(0.42,1.92)

1.46(0.78,2.75)

1.75*(1.10,2.80)

0.78(0.39,1.58)

0.70(0.47,1.06)

1.03(0.52,2.01)

1.08(0.27,4.24)

1.30(0.51,3.32)

  Richest

0.71(0.35,1.47)

0.69(0.33,1.43)

2.09*(1.28,3.42)

0.39(0.15,1.06)

0.58*(0.38,0.87)

1.12(0.46,2.72)

4.47*(1.06,18.88)

2.12(0.81,5.54)

  1. Significant at * p < 0.05, @ reference category
  2. Other control variables are place of residence, religion, caste, and religious services
  3. # ## +++ same define as in Table 1
  4. ^ Infrequent moderate alcohol drinkers includes 1–3 days/month with < 2 drinks, and frequent heavy alcohol drinkers includes 1–5 or more days/week with ≥3 drinks
  5. Note: Odds ratio presented in table are adjusted odds ratio and based on weighted analysis