Table 1 Descriptive statistics at the individual and school levels
From: Association between school-level attributes and weight status of Ghanaian primary school children
Overall | Private | Public | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Continuous variables* | ||||
Individual level (N = 543) | ||||
Age (years) a | 10 (9, 11) | 10 (9,11) | 10 (9,11) | 0.756 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.03 (3.56) | 17.72 (4.29) | 16.34 (2.47) | < 0.0001 |
WHtR | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.43 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.03) | 0.026 |
Household wealth index | 0.27 (−1.47, 1.69) | 1.10 (−0.11, 2.16) | − 0.87 (−2.43, 0.51) | < 0.0001 |
School level (n = 14) | ||||
School level SES | 0.11 (−0.34, 0.79) | 0.78 (0.34, 1.27) | −0.34 (−1.73, − 0.20) | < 0.0001 |
Healthful foods | 2.44 (1.06) | 3.16 ± 0.85 | 1.72 ± 0.70 | < 0.0001 |
Less healthful foods | 8.24 (2.04) | 9.10 ± 1.07 | 7.37 ± 2.39 | < 0.0001 |
PA facility index | 3.54 (1.30) | 4.21 ± 1.07 | 2.87 ± 1.16 | < 0.0001 |
Minutes per week for PA | 69.00 (16.43) | 76.5 ± 19.31 | 60.00 ± 0.00 | < 0.0001 |
After-school recreational facilities | 0.65 (0.97) | 0.93 ± 1.23 | 0.37 ± 0.48 | < 0.0001 |
Support for active transport | 2.59 (1.19) | 2.75 ± 1.12 | 2.43 ± 1.24 | 0.002 |
Perceived neighbourhood quality | 3.71 (1.83) | 3.99 ± 1.11 | 3.43 ± 2.3 | 0.0004 |
Categorical variables* | ||||
Individual level | ||||
Sex | 0.833 | |||
Boys | 37.6 (204) | 49.5 (101) | 50.5 (103) | |
Girls | 62.4 (339) | 50.5 (171) | 49.5 (168) | |
Household SES | < 0.0001 | |||
Poor | 40.1 (218) | 26.1 (57) | 73.9 (161) | |
Middle | 40.0 (217) | 60.4 (131) | 39.6 (86) | |
Rich | 19.9 (108) | 77.8 (84) | 22.2 (24) | |
Overweight (including obesity) | 16.4 (89) | 73.0 (65) | 27.0 (24) | < 0.0001 |
Abdominal obesity | 18.8 (102) | 63.7 (65) | 36.3 (37) | 0.002 |
School level | ||||
Physical activity policies and practices | 94.3 (512) | 47.1 (241) | 52.9 (271) | < 0.0001 |
Nutrition and healthy eating policies and practices | 90.4 (491) | 44.8 (220) | 55.2 (271) | < 0.0001 |
Physical activity on timetable | 81.7 (444) | 88.6 (241) | 74.9 (203) | < 0.0001 |
School cafeteria | 52.8 (287) | 73.9 (212) | 26.1 (75) | < 0.0001 |
School shop | 34.4 (187) | 100. 0 (187) | – | < 0.0001 |
Fast food outlets close to school | 95.0 (516) | 52.7 (272) | 47.3 (244) | < 0.0001 |