Relationships between perceived health status and ambient air quality parameters in healthy Japanese: a panel study

Nakao, Motoyuki; Yamauchi, Keiko; Mitsuma, Satoshi; Omori, Hisamitsu; Ishihara, Yoko

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6934-7

Table 3 Associations between variables regarding ambient air pollutant exposure and health status measured by the COOP/WONCA chart

From: Relationships between perceived health status and ambient air quality parameters in healthy Japanese: a panel study

	Dependent variables (COOP/ WONCA chart items) (0, better; 1, worse)
	Physical fitness		Feelings		Daily activities		Social activities		Change in health		Overall health		Pain		Quality of life
Independent variables	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Kumamoto
Hours spent outdoors (each 1 h)	0.94	0.92–0.97	0.98	0.95–1.01	0.81	0.72–0.91	0.74	0.63–0.86	0.99	0.93–1.05	0.93	0.88–0.99	0.99	0.92–1.06	0.92	0.87–0.98
Temperature (each 10 °C)	0.93	0.85–1.03	0.97	0.87–1.08	1.06	0.78–1.42	0.95	0.62–1.44	1.01	0.80–1.27	0.87	0.73–1.03	0.82	0.69–0.97	1.02	0.85–1.24
Relative humidity (each 10%)	1.06	0.98–1.16	0.97	0.88–1.07	1.00	0.76–1.31	0.93	0.64–1.36	0.99	0.79–1.23	0.94	0.80–1.12	1.03	0.90–1.21	0.80	0.66–0.96
Carbon monoxide (each 10 ppb)	1.00	1.00–1.01	1.00	1.00–1.01	1.00	0.98–1.01	1.01	0.99–1.02	1.00	0.99–1.01	1.01	1.00–1.01	1.01	1.00–1.01	1.00	1.00–1.01
Nitrogen dioxide (each 10 ppb)	1.13	0.98–1.31	1.03	0.88–1.21	0.83	0.57–1.22	1.12	0.70–1.77	1.16	0.88–1.54	1.36	1.08–1.69	1.21	0.93–1.57	1.26	0.98–1.63
Oxidants (each 10 ppb)	0.97	0.92–1.01	1.01	0.96–1.06	1.01	0.87–1.17	1.08	0.91–1.28	1.05	0.94–1.17	1.03	0.95–1.12	0.99	0.92–1.07	1.13	1.03–1.23
Sulfur dioxide (each 10 ppb)	1.09	0.61–1.95	1.27	0.67–2.41	1.71	0.36–7.93	2.30	0.28–18.67	0.90	0.25–3.28	0.85	0.30–2.41	1.07	0.36–3.19	0.75	0.21–2.62
SPM (each 10 μg/m³)	1.06	0.99–1.14	1.03	0.94–1.12	0.91	0.75–1.10	0.99	0.78–1.24	1.15	0.98–1.34	1.13	1.00–1.28	0.99	0.86–1.15	1.22	1.07–1.38
PM2.5 (each 10 μg/m³)	1.00	0.89–1.13	1.06	0.92–1.22	0.93	0.67–1.29	1.28	0.82–2.02	1.06	0.82–1.38	1.13	0.92–1.38	1.12	0.92–1.36	1.27	1.02–1.58
Asian sand dust event (each 1 event in last one month)	0.99	0.97–1.02	1.00	0.96–1.03	0.96	0.86–1.08	0.91	0.78–1.05	1.06	0.99–1.13	1.03	0.98–1.08	0.98	0.93–1.03	1.10	1.03–1.17
Niigata
Hours spent outdoors (each 1 h)	0.96	0.93–0.98	0.98	0.96–1.01	0.94	0.88–1.00	0.91	0.84–0.99	0.98	0.94–1.02	0.99	0.95–1.03	1.01	0.97–1.05	0.95	0.91–1.00
Temperature (each 10 °C)	1.01	0.94–1.09	0.94	0.87–1.01	1.02	0.83–1.26	1.00	0.74–1.34	1.18	0.98–1.41	1.17	1.02–1.34	0.93	0.83–1.06	1.20	1.03–1.38
Relative humidity (each 10%)	1.09	0.95–1.27	0.93	0.80–1.09	0.90	0.61–1.32	1.44	0.73–2.84	0.84	0.59–1.21	0.99	0.69–1.16	1.08	0.83–1.44	0.80	0.60–1.07
Carbon monoxide (each 10 ppb)	1.00	0.99–1.02	1.00	0.99–1.02	1.02	0.97–1.07	1.02	0.95–1.08	0.99	0.96–1.03	1.00	0.97–1.02	1.00	0.98–1.03	1.00	0.97–1.04
Nitrogen dioxide (each 10 ppb)	0.96	0.77–1.20	0.94	0.76–1.17	1.22	0.75–1.97	0.77	0.34–1.74	0.93	0.62–1.40	0.90	0.63–1.28	0.99	0.70–1.40	1.02	0.71–1.49
Oxidants (each 10 ppb)	0.98	0.93–1.03	1.03	0.97–1.08	1.04	0.90–1.20	0.88	0.70–1.10	1.06	0.93–1.20	1.06	0.97–1.16	0.98	0.90–1.08	1.05	0.95–1.17
Sulfur dioxide (each 10 ppb)	0.72	0.12–4.12	0.33	0.07–1.61	0.09	0.00–7.36	0.13	0.00–67.14	1.26	0.04–42.23	2.59	0.16–41.08	0.33	0.01–20.71	0.60	0.03–10.49
SPM (each 10 μg/m³)	1.05	0.94–1.16	0.91	0.82–1.01	1.16	0.89–1.52	1.37	0.95–1.99	1.22	0.96–1.54	1.20	1.01–1.40	0.99	0.84–1.17	1.24	1.04–1.49
PM2.5 (each 10 μg/m³)	1.03	0.85–1.23	0.97	0.80–1.17	0.78	0.48–1.27	0.86	0.41–1.81	1.09	0.71–1.68	1.32	0.97–1.79	0.97	0.71–1.34	1.36	0.98–1.89
Asian sand dust event (each 1 event in last one month)	0.98	0.92–1.04	0.98	0.92–1.05	0.91	0.75–1.10	1.06	0.85–1.33	1.02	0.89–1.18	0.95	0.84–1.06	1.01	0.91–1.12	0.98	0.86–1.11

ORs were adjusted by year of survey, gender, age, body mass index (kg/m²), smoking status (current, former, or never smoker), working status (active worker or retired/ not in employment)
CI, confidence interval; ppb, part per billion; SPM, Suspended particulate matter; PM2.5, Particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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