Table 3 Factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism among employees in Malaysia (N = 5235)

 < RM4000^c

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

 RM4000 - RM7999

−0.53

(−1.10, 0.04)

0.067

−0.80

(−2.42, 0.83)

0.337

 > RM8000

−1.46

(−2.03, −0.88)

< 0.001

−3.10

(−4.83, −1.38)

< 0.001

Age, years^b

–

–

–

−0.31

(−0.39, −0.22)

< 0.001

 Single^c

1.00

–

–

–

–

–

 Married

0.70

(0.20, 1.20)

0.006

–

–

–

 Separated/Divorced/Widowed

2.05

(0.58, 3.52)

0.006

–

–

–

 Prefer not to say

−0.78

(−2.12, 0.57)

0.258

–

–

–

 Less than University^c

1.00

–

–

–

–

–

 University degree or higher

−0.84

(−1.37, − 0.31)

0.002

–

–

–

 Agree^c

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

 Neither agree nor disagree

–

–

–

1.50

(−0.26, 3.25)

0.094

 Disagree

–

–

–

4.63

(2.75, 6.50)

< 0.001

 Very good^c

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

 Good

0.97

(0.26, 1.68)

0.007

3.87

(1.60, 6.14)

0.001

 Fair

1.44

(0.67, 2.22)

< 0.001

8.17

(5.60, 10.74)

< 0.001

 Poor

2.21

(0.78, 3.64)

0.002

16.59

(12.29, 20.88)

< 0.001

 Very poor

9.00

(4.77, 13.23)

< 0.001

25.73

(13.80, 37.66)

< 0.001

 Very good^c

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

 Good

–

–

–

2.98

(1.05, 4.91)

0.002

 Fair

–

–

–

6.24

(3.84, 8.63)

< 0.001

 Poor

–

–

–

12.43

(8.43, 16.42)

< 0.001

 Very poor

–

–

–

17.03

(9.01, 25.05)

< 0.001

Sleep Length

0.32

(0.11, 0.52)

0.002

−0.91

(−1.48, −0.35)

0.002

 No^c

1.00

–

–

–

–

–

 Yes

7.28

(4.22, 10.34)

< 0.001

–

–

–

 No^c

1.00

–

–

–

 Yes

1.69

(0.09, 3.29)

0.038

–

–

–

 No^c

1.00

–

–

–

 Yes

1.18

(0.50, 1.86)

0.001

–

–

–

 Yes, definitely^c

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

 Yes, to some extent

−1.53

(−2.21, −0.85)

< 0.001

−6.82

(−8.73, −4.91)

< 0.001

 No

−1.67

(−2.39, −0.95)

< 0.001

− 14.06

(− 16.12, − 12.00)

< 0.001