Variable | Fatal (%) (n = 174) | Non-fatal (%) (n = 3935) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at admission in months, median (IQR) | 4 (2–9) | 6 (2–11) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | – |
Male sex | 105/174 (60) | 2280/3935 (58) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | – |
Family monthly income <Q1000 | 123/174 (71) | 2015/3935 (51) | 2.2 (1.7–3.2) | 2.2 (1.4–3.6) |
Amerindian Indigenous | 61/174 (35) | 1227/3935 (31) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | – |
Hospital Site | ||||
 Santa Rosa | 91/174 (52) | 1561/3935 (40) | Reference |  |
 Quetzaltenango | 72/174 (41) | 1484/3935 (38) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | – |
 Guatemala City | 11/174 (6) | 890/3935 (23) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | – |
High crowding index (> 3 persons/room) | 88/174 (51) | 1900/3935 (48) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | – |
Parent completed primary school | 72/173 (42) | 2114/3919 (54) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | – |
A person in the household smokes | 31/171 (18) | 797/3898 (20) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | – |
Breastfed in first 2 years of life | 72/172 (42) | 2101/3924 (54) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
Sought care prior to hospitalization | 121/173 (70) | 2570/3879 (66) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | – |
Received ≥1 dose of DPt/Hib, Hep B vaccinea | 73/137 (53) | 2231/3312 (67) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | – |
Received influenza vaccine in past 6 months, n (%) | 2/127 (2) | 76/2837 (3) | 0.6 (0.1–1.9) | – |
Low weight-for-age Z score (<−2 SD), n (%) | 149/174 (86) | 1563/3935 (40) | 9.0 (6.0–14.2) | 7.0 (4.1–12.8) |
Medical history | ||||
 Any chronic disease | 26/170 (15) | 219/3857 (6) | 3.0 (1.9–4.6) | – |
 Heart disease | 19/165 (12) | 108/3859 (3) | 4.5 (2.6–7.4) | 3.0 (1.2–6.8) |
 Asthma | 2/169 (1) | 57/3879 (1) | 0.8 (0.1–2.6) | – |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 2/166 (1) | 24/3855 (1) | 1.9 (0.3–6.6) | – |
 Diabetes | 0/167 (0) | 3/3870 (0.1) | – | – |
 Cancer | 0/166 (0) | 1/3861 (0.03) | – | – |
 Liver disease | 0/166 (0) | 5/3852 (0.1) | – | – |
 Kidney disease | 0/166 (0) | 7/3856 (0.2) | – | – |
 HIV | 0/159 (0) | 3/3809 (0.1) | – | – |
Prematurity | 48/168 (29) | 1049/3872 (27) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | – |
Endpoint pneumonia | 49/104 (47) | 562/2197 (26) | 2.6 (1.7–3.9) | 2.5 (1.6–3.8) |
Pathogens detected by NP/OP swab | ||||
 NP/OP swab tested | 169/169 (100) | 3780/3781 (99) |  |  |
 Any viral detectionb | 90/169 (53) | 2609/3780 (69) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | – |
 Respiratory syncytial virusb | 50/169 (30) | 1632/3780 (43) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) |
 Adenovirusb | 23/169 (14) | 399/3780 (11) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | – |
 Parainfluenza 1/2/3b | 14/169 (8) | 445/3780 (12) | 1.9 (1.0–3.9) | – |
 Influenza Ab | 14/169 (8) | 179/3780 (5) | 1.8 (1.0–3.1) | – |
 Human metapneumovirusb | 9/169 (5) | 357/3780 (9) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | – |
 Influenza Bb | 1/169 (0.6) | 40/3780 (1) | 0.6 (0.03–2.6) | – |
Pathogens detected by blood culture | ||||
 Blood culture performed | 57/174 (33) | 805/3935 (20) |  |  |
 Evidence of contaminationb | 4/57 (7) | 84/805 (10) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | – |
 Any growthb | 13/57 (23) | 173/805 (21) | 1.1 (0.5–2.0) | – |
 Streptococcus pneumoniaeb | 0/57 (0) | 0/805 (0) | – | – |
 Pseudomonas aeruginosab | 0/57 (0) | 3/805 (0.4) | – | – |
 Staphylococcus aureusb | 0 (0) | 21/805 (3) | – | – |