Fluoroquinolone consumption and Escherichia coli resistance in Japan: an ecological study

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Univariate correlations between the proportion of levofloxacin-resistant Esherichia coli and selected variables in Japan, 2015–2016

Variable	Proportion resistant in 2015		Proportion resistant in 2016
Variable	Coefficient	p value	Coefficient	p value
Fluoroquinolone consumption (DID)	0.50	< 0.01	0.52	< 0.01
Number of physicians per 100,000 individuals	0.49	< 0.01	0.42	< 0.01
Number of nurses per 100,000 individuals	0.36	0.01	0.31	0.03
Number of hospitals per 100,000 individuals^a	0.34	0.02	0.32	0.03
Number of clinics per 100,000 individuals	0.43	< 0.01	0.41	< 0.01
Number of nursing homes per 100,000 individuals	−0.04	0.80	−0.17	0.26
Number of medical facilities included in surveillance^a	−0.03	0.84	0.05	0.72
Proportion of medical facilities with 500 or more beds (%)^a	−0.10	0.52	−0.02	0.88
Average length of hospital stay (days)	0.27	0.07	0.29	0.05
Proportion of elderly in the population (%)	0.04	0.79	−0.04	0.79

DID Defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day. ^aIndicates log-transformed data

ISSN: 1471-2458