Income and education predict elevated depressive symptoms in the general population: results from the Gutenberg health study

Table 4 Prediction of depressive symptoms at 2.5 year follow-up (T1) by the SES indicator occupational position

	Complete sample (T0)		persons without elevateddepressive symptoms at T0		persons with elevated depressive symptoms at T0
	PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at T1 (2898/12484)		PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at T1 (1455/9605)		PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at T1 (1443/2879)
	Adj. OR (95% CI)	p	Adj. OR (95% CI)	p	Adj. OR (95% CI)	p
Occupational position
Model 1
with single indicator
Occupational position (range 1–7)	0.92 (0.89–0.95)	< 0.0001	0.92 (0.89–0.96)	< 0.0001	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.517
with three indicators
Occupational position (range 1–7)	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.018	0.96 (0.92–1.00)	0.075	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	0.860
Model 2
with single indicator
Occupational position (range 1–7)	0.94 (0.91–0.97)	< 0.0001	0.93 (0.89–0.96)	< 0.0001	0.97 (0.93–1.03)	0.310
with three indicators
Occupational position (range 1–7)	0.97 (0.94–1.01)	0.162	0.97 (0.92–1.01)	0.153	1.00 (0.94–1.06)	0.879

Model 1 adjusted for sex, age, living with partner and major medical diseases³
Model 2 adjusted for sex, age, living with partner, major medical diseases³, PHQ-2 (T0), MH² of depressive disorder, GAD-2 (T0) and MH² of anxiety disorder
A: included only the respective SES dimension, e.g. education; B: included all three SES dimensions concurrently as predictor variables
²MH Medical history
³Major medical diseases = any of the following diseases: CVD Cancer, diabetes, COPD Asthma
*boldface indicates p < 0.5 for odds ratios

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