Table 1 Age-adjusted descriptive characteristics of persons without diabetes

Men, N

277

101

67

141

 Age, years

46.4 (44.8–48.0)

43.4 (41.3–45.5)^*

39.6 (37.5–41.7)^***

40.9 (39.7–42.1)^***

 Weight, kg

85.3 (83.2–87.4)

82.6 (79.6–85.6)

74.0 (71.5–76.5)^***

80.6 (78.8–82.4)^**

 Height, cm

180.2 (179.1–181.3)

176.7 (175.4–177.9)^***

175.0 (173.4–176.6)^***

171.5 (170.5–172.4)^***

 Hip circumference, cm

N/A

100.3 (98.7–101.8)

99.8 (98.3–101.4)

97.1 (96.0–98.2)

 Waist circumference

93.9 (92.4–95.4)

92.3 (89.7–94.9)

85.4 (83.5–87.2)^***

92.8 (91.5–134.8)

 Body mass index, kg/m²

26.2 (25.7–26.7)

26.5 (25.6–27.4)

24.2 (23.4–25.0)^***

27.4 (26.9–27.9)^**

 Waist-to-height ratio

0.52 (0.51–0.53)

0.52 (0.51–0.54)

0.49 (0.48–0.50)^***

0.54 (0.53–0.55)^**

 Waist-to-hip ratio

N/A

0.92 (0.90–0.93)

0.85 (0.84–0.87)

0.95 (0.94–0.96)

 HbA1c, mmol/mol

35.2 (34.8–35.6)

33.5 (32.9–34.1)^***

35.4 (34.7–36.2)

34.8 (34.3–35.4)

 HbA1c, %

5.4 (5.3–5.4)

5.2 (5.2–5.3)^***

5.4 (5.3–5.5)

5.3 (5.3–5.4)

 Fasting glucose^a

5.2 (5.1–5.3)

5.6 (5.5–5.7)^***

5.6 (5.5–5.7)^***

5.7 (5.7–5.8)^***

Women, N

376

192

117

134

 Age, years

47.0 (45.9–48.1)

46.7 (45.3–48.0)

41.8 (40.2–43.5)^***

40.5 (39.4–41.6)^***

 Weight, kg

71.8 (70.3–73.4)

69.9 (68.1–71.8)

79.6 (76.9–82.3)^***

69.8 (68.2–71.4)

 Height

166.1 (165.3–166.9)

163.8 (162.9–164.7)^***

161.9 (160.8–162.9)^***

157.5 (156.6–158.3)^***

 Hip circumference, cm

N/A

101.9 (100.4–103.3)

109.4 (107.5–111.3)

99.3 (98.0–100.7)

 Waist circumference

86.1 (84.6–87.6)

84.1 (82.3–85.9)

87.5 (85.5–89.5)

86.8 (85.3–88.4)

 Body mass index, kg/m²

26.1 (25.5–26.6)

26.1 (25.4–26.9)

30.3 (29.4–31.3)^***

28.1 (27.5–28.7)^***

 Waist-to-height ratio

0.52 (0.51–0.53)

0.51 (0.50–0.53)

0.54 (0.53–0.55)^**

0.55 (0.54–0.56)^***

 Waist-to-hip ratio

N/A

0.82 (0.81–0.83)

0.80 (0.78–0.82)

0.87 (0.86–0.88)

 HbA1c, mmol/mol

35.5 (35.2–35.8)

34.5 (34.0–34.9)^***

36.2 (35.5–36.9)^*

34.8 (34.3–35.2)^*

 HbA1c, %

5.4 (5.4–5.4)

5.3 (5.3–5.3)^***

5.5 (5.4–5.5)^*

5.4 (5.3–5.4)^*

 Fasting glucose^a

4.9 (4.9–5.0)

5.5 (5.5–5.6)

5.5 (5.4–5.6)^***

5.5 (5.4–5.6)^***