Table 2 Categorical smoking and socioeconomic variables by job type, Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study
From: Socioeconomic differences in nicotine exposure and dependence in adult daily smokers
|  | Overall | Unemployeda(n = 63) | Blue Collar (n = 177) | White Collar (n = 86) | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic Variables | Group | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Sex | Male | 139 | 42.6 | 14 | 22.2 | 94 | 53.1 | 31 | 36.0 | <.001 |
Female | 187 | 57.4 | 49 | 77.8 | 83 | 46.9 | 55 | 64.0 | ||
Race | White | 287 | 88.0 | 58 | 92.1 | 153 | 86.4 | 76 | 88.4 | 0.495 |
Non White | 39 | 12.0 | 5 | 7.9 | 24 | 13.6 | 10 | 11.6 | ||
Education Level | Less than HS Graduate | 22 | 6.7 | 11 | 17.5 | 9 | 5.1 | 2 | 2.3 | <.001 |
HS Graduate/GED | 142 | 43.6 | 26 | 41.3 | 93 | 52.5 | 23 | 26.7 | ||
Some College | 77 | 23.6 | 14 | 22.2 | 38 | 21.5 | 25 | 29.1 | ||
Associate’s Degree | 54 | 16.6 | 8 | 12.7 | 28 | 15.8 | 18 | 20.9 | ||
Bachelor’s Degree or Greater | 31 | 9.5 | 4 | 6.3 | 9 | 5.1 | 18 | 20.9 | ||
Education Level (binary) | Less than HS Graduate/GED | 22 | 6.7 | 11 | 17.5 | 9 | 5.0 | 2 | 2.3 | 0.001 |
HS Graduate/GED or Greater | 304 | 93.3 | 52 | 82.5 | 168 | 95.0 | 84 | 97.7 | ||
Marital Status | Married | 223 | 68.4 | 45 | 71.4 | 129 | 72.9 | 49 | 57.0 | 0.029 |
Not Married | 103 | 31.6 | 18 | 28.6 | 48 | 27.1 | 37 | 43.0 | ||
Type of Dwelling | House | 80 | 24.7 | 24 | 38.1 | 40 | 22.7 | 16 | 18.8 | 0.018 |
Apartment/Mobile Home | 244 | 75.3 | 39 | 61.9 | 136 | 77.3 | 69 | 81.2 | ||
Mother’s Education | Less than HS Graduate | 48 | 14.8 | 12 | 19.4 | 25 | 14.1 | 11 | 12.8 | 0.298 |
HS Graduate/GED | 168 | 51.7 | 37 | 59.7 | 86 | 48.6 | 45 | 52.3 | ||
Some College | 29 | 8.9 | 3 | 4.8 | 18 | 10.2 | 8 | 9.3 | ||
Associate’s Degree | 32 | 9.8 | 4 | 6.5 | 19 | 10.7 | 9 | 10.5 | ||
Bachelor’s Degree or Greater | 36 | 11.1 | 2 | 3.2 | 22 | 12.4 | 12 | 14.0 | ||
Don’t know | 12 | 3.7 | 4 | 6.5 | 7 | 4.0 | 1 | 1.2 | ||
Mother’s Education (Binary) | Less than HS Graduate/GED | 68 | 20.9 | 56 | 90.3 | 136 | 76.8 | 65 | 75.6 | 0.052 |
HS Graduate/GED or Greater | 257 | 79.1 | 6 | 9.7 | 41 | 23.2 | 21 | 24.4 | ||
Father’s Education | Less than HS Graduate | 57 | 18.0 | 14 | 23.3 | 31 | 17.8 | 12 | 14.5 | 0.557 |
HS Graduate/GED or Greater | 146 | 46.1 | 27 | 45.0 | 82 | 47.1 | 37 | 44.6 | ||
Some College | 24 | 7.6 | 4 | 6.7 | 12 | 6.9 | 8 | 9.6 | ||
Associate’s Degree | 20 | 6.3 | 5 | 8.3 | 10 | 5.7 | 5 | 6.0 | ||
Bachelor’s Degree or Greater | 38 | 12.0 | 3 | 5.0 | 20 | 11.5 | 15 | 18.1 | ||
Don’t know | 32 | 10.1 | 7 | 11.7 | 19 | 10.9 | 6 | 7.2 | ||
Father’s Education (Binary) | Less than HS Graduate/GED | 58 | 18.3 | 52 | 86.7 | 144 | 82.8 | 63 | 75.9 | 0.225 |
HS Graduate/GED or Greater | 259 | 81.7 | 8 | 13.3 | 30 | 17.2 | 20 | 24.1 | ||
Home Mortgage | No Mortgage | 66 | 20.2 | 11 | 17.5 | 43 | 24.3 | 12 | 14.0 | 0.122 |
Rent/Still Paying | 260 | 79.8 | 52 | 82.5 | 134 | 75.7 | 74 | 86.0 | ||
Median Household County Income | <  52 k | 34 | 10.5 | 10 | 15.9 | 19 | 10.8 | 5 | 5.9 | 0.085 |
> 52 k, < 55.2 k | 153 | 47.2 | 22 | 34.9 | 83 | 47.2 | 48 | 56.5 | ||
> 55.2 k | 137 | 42.3 | 31 | 49.2 | 74 | 42.0 | 32 | 37.6 | ||
Savings Account | No | 142 | 43.6 | 41 | 65.1 | 78 | 44.1 | 23 | 26.7 | <.001 |
Yes | 184 | 56.4 | 22 | 34.9 | 99 | 55.9 | 63 | 73.3 | ||
Smoking Variables | ||||||||||
 Cigarettes per day | < 20 CPD | 259 | 80.2 | 43 | 69.4 | 139 | 79.0 | 77 | 90.6 | 0.005 |
≥20 CPD | 64 | 19.8 | 19 | 30.6 | 37 | 21.0 | 8 | 9.4 |  | |
 Menthol cigarette smoker | No | 146 | 45.5 | 28 | 44.4 | 74 | 43.0 | 44 | 51.2 | 0.457 |
Yes | 175 | 54.5 | 35 | 55.6 | 98 | 57.0 | 42 | 48.8 | Â | |