Table 3 Association between FSWs’ individual, sex work and relationship level predictors and their experience of IPV
Characteristics | Severe physical and/or sexual IPV in last 6 months | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
% | N | |||
Overall | 24.4 | 620 | Â | Â |
Individual characteristics | ||||
 FSW aged above 25 years (Ref- 25 years or below) | 25.8 | 546 | 2.49 (1.24–4.99)* | 2.31 (1.09–4.89)* |
 Literate (Ref- Non-literate) | 33.3 | 63 | 1.64 (0.93–2.91) | 1.98 (1.04–3.78)* |
 Ever married (Ref- Never married) | 30.0 | 30 | 1.25 (0.55–2.80) |  |
 Number of children (Ref- None) | 18.8 | 85 |  |  |
  Less than three children | 23.3 | 348 | 1.35 (0.74–2.47) |  |
  Three or more children | 28.9 | 187 | 1.77 (0.94–3.35) |  |
 With whom FSW has children (Ref- No children) | 18.8 | 85 |  |  |
  Only with IP | 24.3 | 420 | 1.41 (0.78–2.56) |  |
  IP and others | 33.3 | 45 | 2.53 (1.08–5.92)* |  |
  Others only | 25.7 | 70 | 1.45 (0.67–3.14) |  |
 FSW has any other source of income other than sex work (Ref-No) | 24.7 | 510 | 1.08 (0.66–1.78) |  |
 Average monthly income in rupees (Ref- Less than Rs.3500) | 19.7 | 137 |  |  |
  Rs.3500 to Rs.6999 | 23.2 | 375 | 1.27 (0.78–2.08) |  |
  More than Rs.6999 | 34.3 | 108 | 2.28 (1.27–4.12)** |  |
Sex work characteristics | ||||
 Place of solicitation (Ref- Home) | 22.7 | 471 |  |  |
  Public places | 31.5 | 89 | 1.87 (1.11–3.14)* |  |
  Phone/others | 26.7 | 60 | 1.29 (0.69–2.42) |  |
 Age at start of sex work 15 years or above (Ref- Age less than 15 years) | 25.3 | 380 | 1.18 (0.81–1.74) |  |
 Duration in sex work (Ref- Less than 10 years) | 13.1 | 61 |  |  |
  10 to 19 years | 29.9 | 254 | 3.21 (1.45–7.10)** |  |
  20 or more years | 22.0 | 305 | 2.02 (0.91–4.48) |  |
 Three or more weekly clients (Ref-Less than three weekly clients) | 29.1 | 213 | 1.64 (1.11–2.42)* |  |
 Type of clients FSWs have (Ref- Occasional clients) | 24.2 | 33 |  |  |
  Regular clients | 13.7 | 255 | 0.43 (0.17–1.04) |  |
  Occasional and regular clients | 32.5 | 332 | 1.44 (0.61–3.37) |  |
 Member of community based organisation (Ref- Non-members) | 21.6 | 379 | 0.69 (0.47–1.00)* |  |
 Used condoms consistently with their clients in past 30 days (Ref- Not used) | 23.8 | 560 | 0.63 (0.33–1.22) |  |
 Experienced physical or sexual violence from clients in the last 6 months (Ref- Not experienced) | 37.6 | 101 | 2.56 (1.59–4.11)*** | 2.20 (1.29–3.75)** |
Intimate partner (IP) characteristics | ||||
 IP age 30 years or more (Ref- Age below 30 years) | 25.2 | 563 | 1.98 (0.90–4.32) |  |
 Having literate IP (Ref-Having non-literate IP) | 24.9 | 205 | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) |  |
 Having currently married IP (Ref-Having not currently married IP) | 25.5 | 548 | 2.11 (1.05–4.26)* |  |
 Occupation of IP (Ref- Cultivator) | 26.5 | 196 |  |  |
  Agricultural labourer | 24.1 | 203 | 0.85 (0.54–1.35) |  |
  Non-agricultural labourer | 19.3 | 88 | 0.65 (0.35–1.21) |  |
  Other work | 25.2 | 131 | 1.01 (0.60–1.69) |  |
 IP from other caste (Ref-IP from scheduled caste or tribe) | 26.0 | 369 | 1.28 (0.87–1.89) |  |
 Has children with other women partner (Ref- No) | 20.9 | 110 |  |  |
  Yes | 25.9 | 444 | 1.32 (0.79–2.20) |  |
  Don’t know | 19.7 | 66 | 0.99 (0.46–2.15) |  |
 Frequency of alcohol use (Ref- Never) | 19.1 | 425 |  |  |
  Occasionally | 26.5 | 151 | 1.46 (0.94–2.26) |  |
  Frequently | 66.7 | 42 | 9.26 (4.43–19.38)*** |  |
Intimate relationship characteristics | ||||
 Duration of intimate relationship (Ref- Less than 5 years) | 19.5 | 87 |  |  |
  5 to 9 years | 22.4 | 147 | 1.17 (0.60–2.28) |  |
  10 or more years | 26.2 | 386 | 1.44 (0.80–2.59) |  |
 IP was client before he became IP (Ref-No) | 23.9 | 394 | 0.97 (0.66–1.42) |  |
 Frequency of visit by IP (Ref- Most frequent (daily/weekly)) | 22.4 | 401 |  |  |
  Monthly | 27.1 | 166 | 1.34 (0.88–2.05) |  |
  Less often | 27.1 | 48 | 1.25 (0.63–2.49) |  |
 IP aware of FSW’s sex work profession (Ref- No) | 15.2 | 99 | 0.47 (0.26–0.84)* |  |
 Had sexual intercourse with IP in the last 7 days (Ref-No) | 21.5 | 362 | 0.68 (0.46–0.98)* |  |
 Number of sexual intercourse with IP in the last 1 month (Ref- Less than 3 times) | 26.0 | 262 |  |  |
  3 to 4 times | 20.9 | 139 | 0.69 (0.42–1.14) |  |
  5 or more time | 24.0 | 183 | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) |  |
 IP was under influence of alcohol during sex in the month preceding the survey (Ref- No) | 38.3 | 149 | 2.41 (1.60–3.62)*** | 2.30 (1.47–3.59)*** |
 FSWs give financial support to IP (Ref- No) | 30.5 | 187 | 1.43 (0.97–2.11) | 2.07 (1.28–3.34)** |
 FSWs receive social support by IP (Ref- No) | 21.9 | 498 | 0.53 (0.34–0.82)** | 0.38 (0.23–0.65)*** |
 FSWs feel afraid of their IP (Ref- No) | 30.0 | 313 | 2.20 (1.50–3.22)*** | 1.94 (1.23–3.04)** |
 FSWs refused to have sex with IP in the past 6 months preceding the survey (Ref- No) | 32.8 | 67 | 1.50 (0.86–2.61) |  |
 FSWs frequently receive love and affection from their IPs (Ref- No) | 22.7 | 467 | 0.65 (0.43–0.99)* |  |
 FSWs believe that their IP is unlikely to leave them (Ref- No) | 19.0 | 401 | 0.40 (0.27–0.58)*** | 0.46 (0.30–0.72)** |
 Used condoms consistently with their IPs (Ref- No) | 24.2 | 269 | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) |  |