Table 2 Risk factors associated with S. haematobium infection among pregnant women in Munyenge

Age Group (years)

≤20

28.4(23)

1.54(0.84–2.83)

0.88(0.37–2.09)

0.772

21–25

20.7(24)

1.01(0.57–1.82)

0.99(0.49–2.02)

0.984

> 25

20.5(35)

REF

REF

χ²; P value

2.24; 0.326

Gravidity

Primigravidae

24.3(28)

1.37(0.77–2.44)

NA

NA

Secundigravidae

25.6(23)

1.46(0.79–2.70)

Multigravidae

19.0(31)

REF

χ²; P value

1.84; 0.398

Marital Status

Single

35.7(35)

3.02(1.78–5.13)

2.24(1.04–4.79)

0.038

Married

17.4(47)

REF

REF

χ²; P value

13.91; < 0.001

Educational level

Primary

25.0(39)

1.47(0.87–2.46)

2.00(1.04–3.85)

0.039

Secondary

20.3(43)

REF

REF

χ²; P value

1.15; 0.283

Occupation

Housewife

21.6(27)

1.26(0.63–2.50)

1.47(0.65–3.33)

0.360

Student

31.2(25)

2.07(1.01–4.25)

2.50(0.86–7.30)

0.094

Farmer

21.6(16)

1.26(0.58–2.73)

1.71(0.67–4.36)

0.260

Business

15.7(14)

REF

REF

χ²; P value

5.97; 0.113

Water source

Stream only

33.1(59)

1.70(0.97–2.95)

1.49(0.79–2.81)

0.224

Stream and piped water

22.5(23)

REF

REF

Piped water only

0(0)

–

–

χ2; P value

24.89; < 0.001

Stream contact activity

Domestic contact + Bathing

48.3(43)

3.64(2.1–6.28)

3.31(1.83–6.01)

< 0.001

Domestic contact only

20.4(39)

REF

REF

χ²; P value

22.81; < 0.001

Stream visits per week

< 3 times

24.6(58)

0.27(0.12–0.53)

0.35(0.17–0.74)

0.006

≥3 times

54.5(24)

REF

REF

χ²; P value

16.08; < 0.001