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Table 4 Factors associated with the revision of diagnosis from non-TB into TB among non-TB patients

From: Sensitivity and specificity of routine diagnostic work-up for tuberculosis in lung clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cohort study

Variable

Revised diagnosis from non-TB into TB

RR

95%CI

Yes (n = 14)

No (n = 198)

Age, n (%)

≥46 years old

5 (35.7)

117 (59.1)

0.41

0.14–1.18

< 46 years old

9 (64.3)

81 (40.9)

1

 

Sex, n (%)

Male

8 (57.1)

118 (59.6)

0.91

0.33–2.53

Female

6 (42.9)

80 (40.4)

1

 

BMI, n (%)

< 18.5 or > 25

6 (42.9)

75 (37.9)

1.21

0.44–3.37

18.5–25

8 (57.1)

123 (62.1)

1

 

History of TB, n (%)

Yes

2 (14.3)

26 (13.1)

1.10

0.26–4.64

No

12 (85.7)

172 (86.9)

1

 

Housing conditions, n (%)

Crowded neighborhood or poorly ventilated house

12 (85.7)

136 (68.7)

2.59

0.60–11.26

Not crowded neighborhood and adequate ventilated house

2 (14.3)

62 (31.3)

1

 

TB index cases in surrounding area, n(%)

Present

7 (50)

9 (4.5)

12.25

4.90–30.60

Not present

7 (50)

189 (95.5)

1

 

HIV* comorbidities, n(%)

Yes

1 (7.1)

2 (1.0)

5.36

0.99–28.89

No

13 (92.9)

196 (99.0)

1

 

Diabetes mellitus comorbidities, n(%)

Yes

1 (7.1)

9 (4.5)

1.55

0.23–10.73

No

13 (92.9)

189 (95.5)

1

 

Smoking status, n(%)

Current smoker or stopped smoking < 10 years

3 (21.4)

55 (27.8)

0.72

0.21–2.50

Never-smoker or non-smoker > 10 years

11 (78.6)

143 (72.2)

1

 

Symptoms, n(%)

Cough > 2 weeks

Yes

14 (100.0)

177 (89.4)

N.A.

N.A.

No

0 (0.0)

21 (10.6)

  

Unintentional weight loss

Yes

9 (64.3)

92 (46.5)

1.98

0.69–5.71

No

5 (35.7)

106 (53.5)

1

 

Night sweats

Yes

5 (35.7)

162 (81.8)

0.57

0.20–1.67

No

9 (64.3)

36 (18.2)

1

 

Sputum smear microscopy, n(%)

Positive

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

N.A.

N.A.

Negative

14 (100.0)

198 (100.0)

  

Mycobacterial culture, n(%)

M. tuberculosis

10 (71.4)

7 (3.5)

28.68

10.05–81.81

Negative or NTM*

4 (28.6)

191 (96.5)

1

 

Chest X-ray findings at presentation, n(%)

Suggestive of TB

7 (50.0)

33 (16.7)

4.30

1.60–11.57

Not suggestive of TB

7 (50.0)

165 (83.3)

1

 

Follow-up, n(%)

Suggestive of TB

14 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

N.A.

N.A.

Not suggestive of TB

0 (0.0)

198 (100.0)

  
  1. *HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, NTM: Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria
  2. Data are presented as percentage
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