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Table 3 Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for mental health problems

From: Perceived discrimination, health and mental health among immigrants in Norway: the role of moderating factors

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

PD

2.22 (1.84–2.67)***

2.03 (1.66–2.48)***

1.86 (1.51–2.28)***

Gender

1.46 (1.22–1.75)***

1.54 (1.27–1.87)***

1.64 (1.34–2.00)***

Age: 45–66

Ref

Ref

Ref

 16–24

0.66 (0.49–0.89)**

0.67 (0.48–0.94)*

0.66 (0.47–0.94)*

 25–44

0.66 (0.54–0.80)***

0.62 (0.50–0.76)***

0.62 (0.50–0.77)***

Country of origin

 Vietnam

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Poland

1.44 (0.84–2.50)

1.68 (0.96–2.95)

1.52 (0.86–2.71)

 Turkey

3.22 (1.95–5.32)***

2.68 (1.59–4.50)***

2.78 (1.64–4.72)***

 Bosnia-Herzegovina

1.97 (1.16–3.34)*

2.25 (1.31–3.87)**

2.71 (1.56–4.71)***

 Kosovo

1.98 (1.18–3.34)*

1.96 (1.11–3.28)*

2.34 (1.35–4.04)**

 Eritrea

0.92 (0.51–1.66)

0.65 (0.36–1.19)

0.73 (0.40–1.35)

 Somalia

0.86 (0.47–1.57)

0.51 (0.27–0.96)*

0.59 (0.31–1.13)

 Afghanistan

2.09 (1.24–3.52)**

1.96 (1.13–3.41)*

1.98 (1.13–3.48)*

 Sri Lanka

1.03 (0.58–1.83)

0.68 (0.38–1.23)

0.97 (0.53–1.77)

 Iraq

3.28 (1.99–5.41)***

1.94 (1.15–3.28)*

2.09 (1.23–3.55)**

 Iran

3.57 (2.19–5.81)***

2.66 (1.60–4.40)***

2.80 (1.67–4.68)***

 Pakistan

2.49 (1.49–4.16)**

1.94 (1.14–3.30)*

2.23 (1.30–3.84)**

Sense of belonging

 To both

Ref

  

 To Norway

1.29 (1.05–1.59)*

1.38 (1.11–1.72)**

1.36 (1.08–1.70)**

 To country of origin

1.57 (1.19–2.07)**

1.62 (1.20–2.18)**

1.38 (1.02–1.87)*

 Neither

2.21 (1.54–3.18)***

2.03 (1.37–3.01)***

1.63 (1.02–2.45)*

Financial situation (1–6)

0.63 (0.59–0.68)***

0.61 (0.56–0.66)***

0.63 (0.58–0.68)***

Social support

0.51 (0.41–0.63)***

0.61 (0.48–0.77)***

0.64 (0.51–0.83)***

Trust in others (0–10)

0.83 (0.80–0.86)***

0.84 (0.81–0.88)***

0.86 (0.82–0.89)***

Religiosity (0–10)

1.00 (0.97–1.02)

Norwegian proficiency (1–5)

0.86 (0.79–0.94)**

0.93 (0.83–1.03)

  1. Model 1: univariate analyses, model 2: each variable adjusted for gender, age, country of origin and financial situation; model 3: model 2 with adjustment for social support, trust in others, Norwegian proficiency and sense of belonging
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001