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Table 3 Timing and amplitude of influenza peaks by country and comparison with recommended timing of influenza vaccination

From: Epidemiology and timing of seasonal influenza epidemics in the Asia-Pacific region, 2010–2017: implications for influenza vaccination programs

Influenza transmission zone/country

Primary peak

Secondary peak

Recommended vaccination timing

Appropriateness of recommended vaccination timing a

Timing

Amplitude

Timing

Amplitude

Southern Asia

 Bangladesh

Jul

97.70%

Jan

0.30%

April

Appropriate

 India

Mar

105.20%

Aug

87.90%

April

Uncertain

 Iran

Jan

111.90%

May

26.90%

October

Appropriate

 Nepal

Aug

99.60%

Mar

78.80%

April

Appropriate

 Pakistan

Feb

103.10%

Sep

21.10%

October

Appropriate

 Sri Lanka

Jun

93.00%

Dec

75.70%

October

Uncertain

Eastern Asia

 China

Feb

85.60%

Aug

26.90%

October

Appropriate

 Japan

Feb

103.70%

Jun

12.50%

October

Appropriate

 Mongolia

Feb

105.70%

Jul

10.80%

October

Appropriate

 South Korea

Feb

107.50%

Sep

15.20%

October

Appropriate

South-East Asia

 Cambodia

Oct

101.20%

Jul

31.50%

April

Not appropriate

 Indonesia

Feb

84.00%

Oct

19.50%

October

Appropriate

 Laos

Oct

79.40%

Feb

41.90%

April

Not appropriate

 Philippines

Aug

93.50%

Mar

24.60%

April

Appropriate

 Singapore

Jun

72.60%

Jan

35.90%

October

Uncertain

 Thailand

Sep

87.50%

Mar

57.80%

April

Not appropriate

 Vietnam

Jul

59.00%

Nov

40.90%

April

Uncertain

Oceania-Melanesia-Polynesia

 Australia

Aug

100.40%

Apr

12.50%

April

Appropriate

 New Zealand

Aug

104.30%

Jan

8.70%

April

Appropriate

  1. aVaccination timing was considered appropriate if it was recommended ≤4 months before the primary peak of influenza circulation