Table 1 Univariate analysis of child and maternal characteristics in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis cases and controls
|  | cases (n = 107) | controls (n = 127) |  | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | ||
Child Characteristics | ||||
Sex | ||||
| Â | Female | 55 (51) | 74 (58) | Â |
Male | 52 (49) | 53 (42) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | |
Age | ||||
|  | ≤2 | 26 (24) | 12 (9) |  |
> 2 to ≤15 | 81 (76) | 115 (91) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | |
Hospitalization since birth | ||||
| Â | No | 42 (39) | 99 (78) | Â |
Yes | 65 (61) | 28 (22) | 5.5 (3.1–9.7) | |
HIV test done | ||||
| Â | No | 17 (16) | 74 (58) | Â |
Yes | 90 (84) | 53 (42) | 7.4 (4.0–14) | |
 HIV positive** | ||||
| Â | No | 46 (51) | 49 (92) | Â |
Yes | 44 (49) | 4 (8) | 12 (3.9–35) | |
 ARV treatment before TB diagnosis# | ||||
| Â | Yes | 23 (52) | 1 (25) | Â |
No | 21 (48) | 3 (75) | 3.3 (0.3–34) | |
Household TB contact | ||||
| Â | No | 39 (36) | 95 (75) | Â |
Yes | 67 (63) | 32 (25) | 5.0 (2.8–8.7) | |
Maternal Characteristics | ||||
Caregiver education | ||||
| Â | Post high school | 6 (6) | 19 (15) | Â |
High school + below | 101 (94) | 108 (85) | 3.0 (1.1–7.7) | |