Table 4 Multivariable analyses of the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and multimorbidity
Variables | 3+ vs. <  3 Chronic Physical Health Conditions Adjusted Odds Ratios (99% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Total sample | Men | Women |
Sex | |||
Male | 1 | – | – |
Female | 1.48 (1.38,1.59) | – | – |
Age group | |||
45–49 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
50–54 | 1.29 (1.16,1.44) | 1.33 (1.13,1.58) | 1.27 (1.10,1.47) |
55–59 | 1.98 (1.78,2.21) | 2.06 (1.74,2.43) | 1.93 (1.66,2.23) |
60–64 | 2.79 (2.50,3.11) | 2.76 (2.34,3.24) | 2.84 (2.44,3.29) |
Education | |||
College/university degree | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Non-college/university degree | 1.07 (0.98,1.18) | 1.14 (1.00,1.30) | 1.00 (0.88,1.14) |
High school or less | 1.04 (0.94,1.15) | 1.08 (0.93,1.27) | 0.99 (0.86,1.14)) |
Household income | |||
≥$150,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
$100,000 to < $150,000 | 1.03 (0.93,1.15) | 0.97 (0.83,1.13) | 1.10 (0.94,1.28) |
$50,000 to < $100,000 | 1.12 (1.01,1.25) | 1.11 (0.96,1.28) | 1.14 (0.98,1.22) |
$20,000 to < $50,00 | 1.26 (1.11,1.43) | 1.25 (1.03,1.51) | 1.27 (1.07,1.51) |
< $20,000 | 1.61 (1.32,1.96) | 1.54 (1.14,2.07) | 1.69 (1.29,2.21) |
No response | 1.20 (1.10,1.45) | 1.20 (0.90,1.61) | 1.21 (0.95,1.54) |
Smoking status | |||
Non-smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Smoker | 0.97 (0.87,1.09) | 0.94 (0.80,1.11) | 1.00 (0.86,1.17) |
No response | 0.84 (0.78,0.91) | 0.76 (0.67,0.85) | 0.92 (0.83,1.02) |
Alcohol intake | |||
Never | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Occasional | 0.99 (0.87,1.13) | 1.01 (0.83,1.23) | 0.96 (0.81,1.15) |
Weekly | 0.75 (0.66,0.86) | 0.83 (0.68,1.00) | 0.70 (0.58,0.83) |
Daily | 0.69 (0.61,0.77) | 0.71 (0.60,0.84) | 0.67 (0.56,0.80) |
No response | 0.78 (0.61,1.01) | 0.92 (0.61,1.39) | 0.69 (0.50,0.95) |
Moderate physical activity | |||
Sometimes or often | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Seldom | 0.98 (0.80,1.20) | 0.91 (0.68,1.22) | 1.07 (0.81,1.41) |
Never | 1.12 (0.94,1.32) | 1.02 (0.80,1.29) | 1.23 (0.98,1.55) |
No response | 1.08 (0.87,1.33) | 0.95 (0.70,1.28) | 1.23 (0.92,1.64) |
Area of residence | |||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 0.94 (0.85,1.04) | 0.90 (0.77,1.04) | 0.97 (0.85,1.11) |
Province of residencea | |||
Quebec | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Alberta | 1.16 (1.01,1.34) | 1.07 (0.86,1.33) | 1.25 (1.03,1.51) |
British Columbia | 1.28 (1.13,1.44) | 1.28 (1.07,1.52) | 1.28 (1.09,1.50) |
Manitoba | 1.07 (0.93,1.24) | 1.13 (0.91,1.40) | 1.03 (0.85,1.24) |
New Brunswick | 1.21 (0.97,1.50) | 0.98 (0.71,1.37) | 1.44 (1.07,1.94) |
Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.35 (1.15,1.57) | 1.23 (098,1.54) | 1.44 (1.17,1.77) |
Nova Scotia | 1.20 (1.04,1.38) | 1.30 (1.06,1.60) | 1.11 (0.91,1.34) |
Ontario | 1.41 (1.26,1.58) | 1.44 (1.22,1.70) | 1.38 (1.19,1.61) |
Prince Edward Island | 1.13 (0.88,1.44) | 1.02 (0.71,1.47) | 1.22 (0.86,1.71) |
Saskatchewan | 1.05 (0.84,1.32) | 1.26 (0.90,1.75) | 0.89 (0.66,1.20) |
Depression | |||
No depressive symptoms | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Depressive symptoms | 1.79 (1.62,1.97) | 1.74 (1.50,2.01) | 1.82 (1.61,2.07) |
Functional limitations | |||
No limitations | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Some limitations | 2.94 (2.51,3.44) | 3.34 (2.51,4.44) | 2.78 (2.30,3.36) |