Table 1 Sociodemographic and health characteristics of mothers and children under 2 years of age living in the municipality of Cacuaco, Luanda, Angola, and their crude association with underweight and stunting, 2010 (N = 749)
Sample characteristics | na (%) or median | CI 95%b or Q1 - Q3c | Crude PRd (95%CI) for underweighte | Crude PR (95% CI) for stuntinge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother’s age (years) | 25 | (21–30) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
Mother’s place of birth | ||||
Luanda Province | 76 (10.2) | (12.5–8.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Another Province | 669 (89.8) | (91.4–86.8) | 1.04 (0.59–1.85) | 1.06 (0.74–1.52) |
Marital status | ||||
Not living with partner | 110 (14.7) | (17.4–12.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Living with partner | 639 (85.3) | (87.8–82.6) | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) | 1.45 (1.01–2.10) |
Mother’s education level (years of school) | ||||
5 years or more | 432 (65.8) | (69.2–62.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1 to 4 years | 225 (34.2) | (37.7–30.8) | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) |
Mother’s occupation | ||||
Self-employed | 327 (43.9) | (47.2–40.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Housewife | 316 (42.4) | (45.8–38.6) | 1.22 (0.85–1.76) | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) |
Other | 102 (13.7) | (16.2–11.2) | 0.61 (0.31–1.20) | 0.60 (0.40–0.89) |
Partner’s education level (years of school) | ||||
5 years or more | 461 (93.1) | (94.8–91.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1 to 4 years | 34 (6.9) | (7.2–6.5) | 1.17 (0.45–3.00) | 0.72 (0.47–1.10) |
Partner’s occupation | ||||
Public sector employee | 165 (25.2) | (28.5–22.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Private sector employee | 331 (50.5) | (54.1–46.8) | 1.18 (0.76–1.84) | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) |
Self-employed | 129 (19.7) | (22.8–17.0) | 0.52 (0.26–1.05) | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) |
Other | 30 (4.6) | (5.0–4.2) | 1.09 (0.45–2.65) | 0.55 (0.26–1.16) |
Gestational age at the onset of prenatal care (in months) | 3 | (2–4) | 1.07 (0.96–1.21) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) |
Number of prenatal visits | 4 | (4–6) | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) |
Place of delivery | ||||
At home | 228 (30.5) | (33.9–27.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
At the health service | 520 (69.5) | (72.8–66.1) | 1.82 (0.57–1.17) | 0.79 (0.63–0.98) |
Occurrence of death of other children | ||||
No | 533 (71.2) | (74.4–67.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 216 (28.8) | (32.2–25.6) | 1.30 (0.91–1.87) | 1.20 (0.96–1.50) |
Child’s age (in months) | 10.12 | (4.2–16.0) | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) |
Child’s sex | ||||
Male | 361 (49.2) | (52.9–45.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 373 (50.8) | (54.4–47.1) | 1.24 (0.87–1.76) | 1.07 (0.87–1.33) |
Birth weight (in grams) | ||||
< 2500 | 85 (13.3) | (16.0–11.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥ 2500 | 553 (86.7) | (89.0–84.0) | 0.85 (.050–1.43) | 0.86 (0.62–1.18) |
Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months | ||||
No | 128 (47.6) | (51.3–44.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 141 (52.4) | (56.0–48.7) | 0.89 (0.51–1.54) | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) |
Breastfeeding under 24 months | ||||
No | 110 (14.7) | (17.4–12.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 638 (85.3) | (87.8–82.6) | 0.73 (0.47–1.12) | 0.80 (0.61–1.04) |
Up to date weight monitoring of the child | ||||
No | 292 (39.6) | (43.3–36.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 446 (60.4) | (63.9–56.7) | 0.92 (0.65–1.31) | 0.75 (0.60–0.92) |
Child with diarrhea in the last 15 days | ||||
No | 487 (65.0) | (68.4–61.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 262 (35.0) | (38.5–31.6) | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 1.37 (1.11–1.69) |
Child with fever in the last 15 days | ||||
No | 502 (67.0) | (70.4–63.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 247 (33.0) | (36.5–29.6) | 0.98 (0.68–1.43) | 1.13 (0.91–1.41) |
Presence of mosquito nets (seen by the research staff) | ||||
No | 366 (48.9) | (52.5–45-2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 383 (51.1) | (54.8–47.5) | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) | 1.99 (0.80–1.22) |
Child’s main caregiver | ||||
Mother | 573 (76.6) | (79.6–73.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Another person | 175 (23.4) | (26.6–20.4) | 1.25 (0.85–1.83) | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) |
Number of people in the household | 6 | (4–8) | 0.96 (0.90–1.04) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) |
Presence of hypochloryte in the home (for water treatment) | ||||
No | 441 (59.0) | (62.6–55.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 307 (41.0) | (44.6–37.4) | 1.14 (0.80–1.62) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) |
Garbage disposal | ||||
Collected by the city | 248 (33.2) | (36.7–29.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Not collected | 498 (66.8) | (70.1–63.3) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) |
Family socioeconomic score | 7 | (5–7) | 0.92 (0.83–1.01) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) |