Table 2 Associations of breakfast frequency defined using three categories with physical activity and sedentary time in children from 12 countries
| Â | Marginal means (95% CI) | p for breakfast frequency main effect | p for breakfast frequency by study site interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rare (n = 389) | Occasional (n = 784) | Frequent (n = 5055) | ||||
Sedentary | Total (min/d) | 517 (510 to 524) | 509 (504 to 515) | 510 (507 to 513) | 0.14 | 0.32 |
Morning (min/d) | 183 (181 to 186) | 180 (178 to 182) | 180 (179 to 181)a | 0.04 | 0.51 | |
Morning (% time) | 61 (60 to 62) | 60 (59 to 60.5) | 60 (59 to 60)a | 0.01 | 0.27 | |
Afternoon (min/d) | 334 (328 to 339) | 329 (325 to 333) | 330 (328 to 332) | 0.32 | 0.40 | |
Afternoon (% time) | 57 (56 to 57) | 56 (55 to 56) | 56 (56 to 56) | 0.42 | 0.46 | |
Light PA | Total (min/d) | 311 (305 to 317) | 318 (314 to 322) | 316 (314 to 319) | 0.12 | 0.56 |
Morning (min/d) | 100 (97 to 102) | 102 (101 to 104) | 102 (101 to 103) | 0.09 | 0.84 | |
Morning (% time) | 33 (33 to 34) | 34 (34 to 35) | 34 (34 to 35)a | 0.04 | 0.66 | |
Afternoon (min/d) | 211 (207 to 215) | 216 (213 to 218) | 214 (212 to 216) | 0.17 | 0.54 | |
Afternoon (% time) | 36 (35 to 37) | 37 (36 to 37) | 36 (36 to 37) | 0.24 | 0.61 | |
Moderate PA | Total (min/d) | 42 (41 to 44) | 43 (41 to 44) | 44 (43 to 45) | 0.14 | 0.47 |
Morning (min/d) | 12 (12 to 13) | 13 (12 to 13) | 13 (12 to 13) | 0.05 | 0.26 | |
Morning (% time) | 4.1 (3.9 to 4.3) | 4.2 (4.0 to 4.3) | 4.3 (4.2 to 4.4) | 0.04 | 0.17 | |
Afternoon (min/d) | 30 (29 to 31) | 30 (29 to 31) | 31 (30 to 31) | 0.46 | 0.52 | |
Afternoon (% time) | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.4) | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.3) | 5.2 (5.1 to 5.4) | 0.57 | 0.58 | |
Vigorous PA | Total (min/d) | 18 (17 to 19) | 18 (18 to 19) | 19 (18 to 19) | 0.50 | 0.68 |
Morning (min/d) | 4.8 (4.3 to 5.2) | 5.2 (4.9 to 5.5) | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.4) | 0.12 | 0.25 | |
Morning (% time) | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.7) | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8) | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8) | 0.09 | 0.22 | |
Afternoon (min/d) | 13 (12 to 14) | 13 (13 to 14) | 14 (13 to 14) | 0.83 | 0.89 | |
Afternoon (% time) | 2.3 (2.1 to 2.5) | 2.3 (2.2 to 2.4) | 2.3 (2.3 to 2.4) | 0.85 | 0.89 | |
MVPA | Total (min/d) | 61 (58 to 63) | 61 (59 to 63) | 62 (61 to 64) | 0.21 | 0.42 |
Morning (min/d) | 17 (16 to 18) | 18 (17 to 19) | 18 (18 to 19) | 0.05 | 0.19 | |
Morning (% time) | 5.7 (5.3 to 6.0) | 5.9 (5.6 to 6.1) | 6.0 (5.8 to 6.2)a | 0.03 | 0.11 | |
Afternoon (min/d) | 44 (41 to 46) | 44 (42 to 45) | 44 (43 to 45) | 0.58 | 0.60 | |
Afternoon (% time) | 7.5 (7.1 to 7.8) | 7.5 (7.2 to 7.7) | 7.6 (7.4 to 7.7) | 0.66 | 0.64 | |