Area-level deprivation and preterm birth: results from a national, commercially-insured population

Mehra, Renee; Shebl, Fatma M.; Cunningham, Shayna D.; Magriples, Urania; Barrette, Eric; Herrera, Carolina; Kozhimannil, Katy B.; Ickovics, Jeannette R.

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6533-7

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Characteristics of commercially-insured women by preterm birth status, United States, 2011

From: Area-level deprivation and preterm birth: results from a national, commercially-insured population

Characteristic		Total N 138,487	Preterm birth N (%) 7870 (5.7)	P value^a
Age at delivery (years)				< 0.001
18–24		16,584	1014 (6.1)
25–34		92,117	5001 (5.4)
35–44		29,786	1855 (6.2)
Census division^b				< 0.001
New England		4563	233 (5.1)
Middle Atlantic		18,565	1000 (5.4)
East North Central		22,524	1240 (5.5)
West North Central		10,291	561 (5.5)
South Atlantic		30,527	1876 (6.1)
East South Central		7615	473 (6.2)
West South Central		21,985	1316 (6.0)
Mountain		11,189	616 (5.5)
Pacific		11,228	555 (4.9)
Medical factors
Maternal medical complication
Hypertension	Present	14,511	1500 (10.3)	< 0.001
Hypertension	Absent	123,976	6370 (5.1)
Gestational diabetes	Present	10,639	754 (7.1)	< 0.001
Gestational diabetes	Absent	127,848	7116 (5.6)
Pre-existing diabetes	Present	1753	240 (13.7)	< 0.001
Pre-existing diabetes	Absent	136,734	7630 (5.6)
Anaemia	Present	3531	230 (6.5)	< 0.001
Anaemia	Absent	134,956	7640 (5.7)
Infection
Vaginal, sexually transmitted, and systemic infections	Present	38,485	2672 (6.9)	< 0.001
Vaginal, sexually transmitted, and systemic infections	Absent	100,002	5198 (5.2)
Prior obstetric history
Incompetent cervix	Present	2885	479 (16.6)	< 0.001
Incompetent cervix	Absent	135,602	7391 (5.5)
Prior preterm birth	Present	2674	576 (21.5)	< 0.001
Prior preterm birth	Absent	135,813	7294 (5.4)
Poor obstetric history	Present	5131	513 (10.0)	< 0.001
Poor obstetric history	Absent	133,356	7357 (5.5)
Obstetric complication
Premature rupture of membranes	Present	1717	178 (10.4)	< 0.001
Premature rupture of membranes	Absent	136,770	7692 (5.6)
Fetal complication
Polyhydramnios	Present	3417	279 (8.2)	< 0.001
Polyhydramnios	Absent	135,070	7591 (5.6)
Mode of delivery				< 0.001
Cesarean section		49,495	3371 (6.8)
Vaginal		88,992	4499 (5.1)
Behavioural factors
Substance use (drug, alcohol, and tobacco use)	Present	2153	190 (8.8)	< 0.001
Substance use (drug, alcohol, and tobacco use)	Absent	136,334	7680 (5.6)
Psychosocial factors
Mental health condition (depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders)	Present	7394	555 (7.5)	< 0.001
	Absent	131,093	7315 (5.6)

^aP values of bivariate associations between characteristics and preterm birth status obtained from generalized estimating equation models
^b The United States census divisions are composed of the following states: New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont); Middle Atlantic (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania); East North Central (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin); West North Central (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota); South Atlantic (Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia); East South Central (Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee); West South Central (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas); Mountain (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Wyoming, Utah); and Pacific (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington)

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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