Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Epidemiology of khat (Catha edulis) consumption among university students: a meta-analysis
Author(year) (reference number) | Sample size | Response rate | Country | Type of use | Outcome (magnitude current and lifetime khat use) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dida N. et.al (2014) [33] | 603 | 97.9 | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 16.92%(n/N = 102/603) |
Tesfaye G,et al. (2013) [34] | 1022 | 98.3% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 23.6%(n/N = 241/1022) Men 28.7%(n/N = 223/777) Women 7.3% n/N = 18/245) |
Lifetime | Overall 41%(n/N = 419/1022) Men 47.6%(n/N = 370/777) Women 20% (n/N = 49/245) | ||||
Hagos EG, et. Al (2013) [35] | 271 | 100% | Ethiopia | Ever use | Overall 9.2%(n/N = 25/271) |
Current use | Overall 4%(n/N = 11/271) | ||||
Mekonnen T. et.al (2017) [36] | 725 | 97.05% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 10.20% (n/N = 74/725) Men 11.83%(n/N = 57/482) Women 7%(n/N = 17/243) |
Tadesse M. et.al (2014) [37] | 611 | 98% | Ethiopia | Life time use | Overall 41.08% (n/N = 251/611) Men 44.9 (n/N = 195/434) Women 31.6% (n/N = 56/177) |
Eshetu E.et al. (2006) [38] | 564 | 89% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 14.36% (n/N = 81/564) Men 17.9(n/N = 77/431) Women 3%(n/N = 4/133) |
lifetime use | Overall 31.91% (n/N = 180/564) Men 37.2(n/N = 160/431) Women 14.9%(n/N = 20/133) | ||||
Shiferaw D.et al. (2017) [39] | 600 | 92.6% | Ethiopia | Life time use | Overall 33.3%(n/N = 200/600) |
Kassa A. et al. (2016) [40] | 586 | 94.5% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 16.3%(n/N = 98/586) Men 18.58%(n/N = 89/479) Women 8.41%(n/N = 9/107) |
Life time use | Overall 24.1%(n/N = 141/586) Men 26.93%(n/N = 129/479) Women 11.21%(n/N = 12/107) | ||||
Gebreslassie M. et.al (2013) [41] | 756 | 98.7% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 27.9%(n/N = 211/756) Men 35.6%(n/N = 158/444) Women 17%(n/N = 53/312) |
Lifetime use | Overall 28.7%(n/N = 217/756) Men 36.5%(n/N = 162/444) Women 17.6%(n/N = 55/312) | ||||
Deressa W. et.al (2010) [42] | 622 | 78% | Ethiopia | Lifetime use | Overall 14.1%(n/N = 88/622) Men 17.1%(n/N = 77/426) Women 5.6%(n/N = 11/196) |
Current use | Overall 3.7%(n/N = 23/622) Men 4.9(n/N = 21/426) Women 1%(n/N = 2/196) | ||||
Dessie Y. et.al (2013) [43] | 430 | 97.3% | Ethiopia | Lifetime use | Overall 40%(n/N = 172/430) |
Adere A. et.al (2017) [44] | 655 | 89.7% | Ethiopia | Lifetime use | Overall 13%(n/N = 85/655) Men 16.3%(n/N = 74/454) Women 5.5%(n/N = 11/201) |
Current use | Overall 10.4(n/N = 68/655) Men 13%(n/N = 59/454) Women 4.5%(n/N = 9/201) | ||||
Mulugeta Y. et.al (2015) [45] | 745 | 98.8% | Ethiopia | Lifetime use | Overall 19.6%(n/N = 146/745) Men 27.54%(n/N = 92/334) Women 13.14%(n/N = 54/411) |
Current use | Overall 12.73%(n/N = 96/754) Men 18.56%(n/N = 62/334) Women 8.27%(n/N = 34/411) | ||||
Kebede Y. (2002) [46] | 1103 | 87.7% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 17.5%(n/N = 193/1103) |
Lifetime use | Overall 26.7%(n/N = 294/1103) | ||||
Reda AA et.al (2012) [25] | 1721 | 91,1% | Ethiopia | Lifetime use | Overall 24.2%(n/N = 427/1721) |
Abdeta et al. (2017) [47] | 619 | 95.1% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 23.9%(n/N = 148/619) Men 26.0%(n/N = 125/464) Women 14.8%(n/N = 23/155) |
Lifetime use | Overall 26.3%(n/N = 163/619) | ||||
Astatkie et al. (2015) [48] | 1255 | 97.3 | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 11.1%(n/N = 139/1255) |
Lifetime use | Overall 22.8%(n/N = 286/1255) | ||||
Gebrehanna et al. (2014) [49] | 3001 | 77.5% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 12.7%(n/N = 380/3001) Men 14.9%(n/N = 348/2328) Women 4.8%(n/N = 32/673) |
Lifetime use | Overall 24%(n/N = 720/3001) Men 27.3%(n/N = 636/2328) Women 12.5%(n/N = 84/673) | ||||
Alsanosy et al. (2013) [51] | 3764 | 91.80 | Saudi Arabia | Current | Overall 23.1%(n/N = 868/3764) Men 38.5%(n/N = 834/2165) Women 2.1%(n/N = 34/1599) |
Lifetime | Overall 24.8%(n/N = 935/3764) Men 40.5%(n/N = 876/2165) Women 3.7%(n/N = 59/1599) | ||||
Quadri et al. (2015) [55] | 476 | 95% | Saudi Arabia | Lifetime | Overall 51.89%(n/N = 247/476) |
Ageely (2009) [27] | 2466 | – | Saudi Arabia | Current use | Overall 15.2%(n/N = 375/2466) |
Kubas Ma et.al. 2015 [53] | 460 | – | Yemen | Current use | 13.04% (n/N = 60/460) |
Alkhadernl et.al (2009) [54] | 100 | – | Yemen | Lifetime use | 54%(n/N = 54/100) |
Dhaifullahet.al (2013) [55] | 360 | – | Yemen | Lifetime use | 33.9%(n/N = 122/360) |
Dachew BA.et al. (2014) [50] | 836 | 95.8% | Ethiopia | Current use | Overall 13.6%(n/N = 114/836) Men 14.7%(n/N = 79/538) Women 11.7%(n/N = 35/298) |
Lifetime use | Overall 17.9%(n/N = 150/836) |