Table 2 Distribution of the study population by clusters of functional and social disability representing the levels of complex medico-psychosocial problems
Variable | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WHODAS and morbidity factors | ||||
Overall WHODAS | 5.2 (0–10.9) | 31.7 (24.7–39.7) | 62.1 (53.2–75.7) | 0.001 |
Communication and understanding | 0 (0–12.5) | 41.7 (25–54.2) | 70.8 (54.2–91.7] | 0.001 |
Mobility | 0 (0–5.0) | 30.0 (20.0–45.0) | 65.0 (50.0–80.0) | 0.001 |
Self-care | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–12.5) | 50.0 (31.2–75.0) | 0.001 |
Getting along with people | 0 (0–15.0) | 25.0 (15.0–35.0) | 55.0 (30.0–-70.0) | 0.001 |
Household activities | 0 (0–12.5) | 43.7 (25.0–56.2) | 75.0 (62.5–93.7) | 0.001 |
Work or school activities | 0 (0–12.5) | 43.7 (31.2–56.2) | 81.2 (68.7–93.7) | 0.001 |
Social participation | 0 (0–16.6) | 40.6 (28.1–53.1) | 71.9 (59.4–84.4) | 0.001 |
Enrolment status of the participant | < 0.001 | |||
Patient | 148 (18.7) | 133 (58.3) | 78 (76.5) | |
Caregiver | 333 (42.2) | 44 (19.3) | 13 (12.8) | |
Neighbor | 309 (39.1) | 51 (22.4) | 11 (10.8) | |
Acute illness/30 days | < 0.001 | |||
No | 599 (67.9) | 113 (43.3) | 21 (18) | |
Yes | 283 (32.1) | 154 (57.7) | 96 (82) | |
Child malnutrition | 0.417 | |||
No | 843 (95.6) | 259 (97) | 114 (94.4) | |
Yes | 39 (4.4) | 8 (3) | 3 (2.6) | |
Blood pressure | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 543 (68.6) | 115 (44.6) | 32 (27.8) | |
Self-reported HT | 147 (18.6) | 120 (46.5) | 72 (62.6) | |
Fortuitous HT discovery | 101 (12.8) | 23 (8.9) | 11 (9.6) | |
Diabetes | < 0.001 | |||
No | 758 (94.7) | 192 (80.3) | 87 (81.3) | |
Yes | 42 (5.3) | 47 (16.7) | 20 (18.7) | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Place of residence | < 0.001 | |||
Urban | 329 (39) | 67 (26.2) | 28 (24.6) | |
Rural | 514 (61) | 189 (73.8) | 86 (75.4) | |
Age | 42.9 (16.4) | 58.2 (15.3) | 63.0 (18.0) | < 0.001 |
Sex | 0.001 | |||
Female | 519 (59.9) | 187 (70.6) | 82 (71.3) | |
Male | 348 (40.1) | 78 (29.4) | 33 (28.7) | |
SES | 0.107 | |||
Least poor | 199 (22.6) | 49 (18.5) | 19 (16.2) | |
Middle | 361 (40.9) | 102 (38.5) | 44 (37.6) | |
Poorest | 322 (36.5) | 114 (43) | 54 (46.2) | |
Health zone | < 0.001 | |||
Bagira | 329 (39.0) | 67 (26.2) | 28 (24.6) | |
Miti-Katana | 324 (38.4) | 67 (26.2) | 48 (42.1) | |
Walungu | 190 (22.6) | 122 (47.6) | 38 (33.3) | |
Marital status | < 0.001 | |||
Never married | 116 (13.4) | 3 (1.2) | 2 (1.8) | |
Married | 628 (72.4) | 192 (73.8) | 64 (57.1) | |
Divorced/widowed/separated | 123 (14.2) | 65 (25) | 46 (41.1) | |
Tribe | 0.073 | |||
Shi | 782 (89.4) | 249 (93.6) | 108 (93.10) | |
Others | 93 (10.6) | 17 (6.4) | 8 (6.9) | |
Religion | 0.254 | |||
Catholic | 524 (59.4) | 96 (36) | 41 (35) | |
Others | 358 (40.6) | 171 (64) | 76 (65) | |
Listening to radio | < 0.001 | |||
No | 346 (39.2) | 80 (30) | 32 (27.4) | |
At least once a week | 536 (60.8) | 187 (70) | 85 (72.7) | |
Occupation | 0.004 | |||
Formal salaried | 85 (10.4) | 19 (7.8) | 15 (14.4) | |
Informal | 213 (25.9) | 26 (10.7)) | 13 (12.5) | |
Farmer/petty trading | 359 (43.7) | 147 (60.2) | 42 (40.4) | |
No profession | 164 (20) | 52 (21.3) | 34 (32.7) | |
Saving organization membership | 0.013 | |||
No | 699 (80) | 225 (85.2) | 84 (72.4) | |
Yes | 175 (20) | 39 (14.8) | 32 (27.6) | |
Church attendance/week | 0.170 | |||
< = 1 time | 452 (54.1) | 125 (48.6) | 56 (51.4) | |
2–3 times | 235 (28.2) | 93 (36.2) | 32 (29.6) | |
> =times | 148 (17.7) | 39 (15.2) | 21 (19.3) | |